Compensatory growth after feed restriction during the rearing period in pigs

Valaja, Jarmo; Alaviuhkola, Timo; Suomi, Kaija; Immonen, Irma

doi:10.23986/afsci.72425

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, in experiment 1, the pigs were subjected to severe restriction and could not fully compensate during the ad libitum fattening phase the significant reduction experienced in this variable. This is in agreement with that reported by Campbell et al (1983), Valaja et al (1992) and Critser et al (1995). The relationship between restriction severity and the increase in growth rate during the ad libitum fattening phase is poor (Mersmann et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The lack of any difference in DFT between R and AL pigs at slaughter agrees with that reported by Prince et al (1983), Valaja et al (1992) and Critser et al (1995). It may be that greater differences in feed consumption between R and AL pigs would have had to occur during the ad libitum fattening phase (Mersmann et al, 1989;Remaekers et al, 1996) or for the whole experimental period (Campbell et al, 1983;Donker et al, 1986) for there to be any significant difference in DFT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Effect on pig performance of feed restriction during the growth period

Daza

Rodríguez

Ovejero

et al. 2003

Span. j. agric. res.

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the compensatory responses of pig to feed restriction during the growth period. Eighty Dalland pigs (40 boars and 40 gilts) and 60 Large White × (Large White × Landrace) barrows were used in two different experiments. They were slaughtered at 97 and 122 kg. During the restriction period, the animals were restricted by 46% and 25% of their ad libitum consumptions in experiment 1 and 2 respectively. The restriction periods lasted 28 and 35 days respectively. Considering the whole study period, in experiment 1 the average daily weight gain and food intake were lower for restricted pigs compared to those fed ad libitum: 762 vs 856 g (P < 0.03) and 2147 vs 2396 g (P < 0.08). However, the feed conversion ratio was no different: 2.83 vs 2.80 g g-1 (P < 0.81). In this experiment, the interaction treatment x sex was not significant in either test. When performance over the total period was examined in experiment 2 (moderate restriction), a stronger trend was seen towards a greater average daily weight gain in groups with restricted access to feed (853 vs 821 g in those fed ad libitum, P < 0.11). No significant differences were observed for average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and dorsal fat thickness (measured at the 14th rib by ultrasound) (2638 vs 2635 g, 3.09 vs 3.2 g g-1 and 16,9 vs 16.2 mm respectively).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect on pig performance of feed restriction during the growth period

Daza

Rodríguez

Ovejero

et al. 2003

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Recently, Fabian et al (2004) reported that pigs subjected to early dietary amino acid restrictions can reduce nitrogen excretion during both the restriction and subsequent phases, thus exhibiting compensatory nitrogen retention during the realimentation phase. It has been suggested (Fabian et al 2004) that the compensatory nitrogen retention might be responsible for compensatory growth responses in terms of both growth performance and body composition (e.g., Chiba 1994Chiba , 1995Fabian et al 2002), the efficiency of feed or nutrient utilization (e.g., Valaja et al 1992;Chiba et al 2002;Fabian et al 2002), or lean Chiba et al (2002). y LysI, daily lysine intake [not reported by Chiba et al (2002)]; LMA, carcass longissimus muscle area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If pigs have the ability to achieve compensatory growth (e.g., Robinson 1964;Wahlstrom and Libal 1983;Critser et al 1995) regardless of the genotype (de Greef et al 1992;Chiba et al 1999;Fabian et al 2002), it can reduce feed costs, as well as excretion of unused nutrients, during the restriction phase. Furthermore, restricted pigs may grow faster and more efficiently during the realimentation phase (Prince et al 1983;Valaja et al 1992;Chiba et al 2002), thus reducing the excretion of unused nutrients further (Fabian et al 2004). Compensatory growth, therefore, can have a positive impact not only on the overall efficiency of pig production but also on the environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of early dietary amino acid restrictions on serum metabolites in pigs selected for lean growth efficiency

Mule¹,

Chiba²,

Fabian³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. Effect of early dietary amino acid restrictions on serum metabolites in pigs selected for lean growth efficiency. Can J. Anim. Sci. 86: 489-500. Thirty-two select line pigs for lean growth efficiency and 32 control line pigs (average 20 kg) were used in each of the two experiments to assess the effect of dietary amino acid restrictions during the grower phase on serum cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations. In each experiment, 16 pens with two gilts and 16 pens with two castrated males per pen were assigned within the genetic line to grower (6.1 or 11.1 g lysine kg -1 ) and finisher diets (6.1 or 8.9 g lysine kg -1 ) in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in exp. 1, or grower diets (5.0, 7.0, 9.0, or 11.0 g lysine kg -1 ) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments in exp. 2. Pigs were offered common finisher diets in exp. 2. Serial blood samples were collected in both experiments. Serum cholesterol at the end of the grower phase was greater in the select line pigs in exp. 1 (P = 0.009) and pigs fed diets low in amino acids in exp. 2 (P = 0.005, 0.026, and 0.039 for linear, quadratic, and cubic, respectively). Serum cholesterol was correlated negatively with lysine intake (r = -0.38; P = 0.039) and serum urea nitrogen (r = -0.39; P = 0.032) in exp. 1 and positively with ultrasound backfat (r = 0.78; P = 0.001) in exp. 2. Serum cholesterol, however, may not reflect the cholesterol content of tissues or pork, except liver. At the end of the grower phase, pigs fed grower diets high in amino acids had greater serum total protein in exp. 2 (P = 0.040 and 0.093 for linear and quadratic, respectively) and albumin concentrations in exp. 1 (P = 0.001) and exp. 2 (linear, P = 0.001), and, at the end of the finisher phase, they had greater serum albumin in exp. 1 (P = 0.001) and seemed to have more total protein in exp. 2, even though there was a trend for the grower diet × genotype interaction (P = 0.095). The carryover effects of the grower diet during the realimentation phase seem to be contrary to the expected positive metabolite status of pigs exhibiting compensatory growth after a period of early dietary amino acid restrictions. On the other hand, higher serum total protein in exp. 2 (P = 0.041 and 0.001 at the end of the grower and finisher phases, respectively) and albumin concentrations at the end of the finisher phase in exp. 1 (P = 0.016) and exp. 2 (P = 0.059) in pigs selected for lean growth efficiency may be an indication that pigs utilized amino acids more efficiently for growth and protein accretion. Exploring fully the effect of dietary manipulations and genotypes on serum metabolites is obviously important, and the results of the present research may contribute to the development of the environmentally friendly, optimal feeding strategies for successful and sustainable pig production. Key words: Amino acid restrictions, genotypes, pigs, serum metabolitesMule, H. R., Chiba, L. I., Fabian, J., Kuhlers, D. L., Jungst, S. B., Frobish, L. T., Nadarajah, K., Bergen, W....

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“…In some experiments compensatory growth produced pigs with leaner carcass (Campbell et al, 1983;Donker et al, 1986). However, other studies observed no difference in carcass traits at slaughter between restricted pigs and pigs with ad libitum access to feed during growth period (Prince et al, 1983;Valaja et al, 1992;Critser et al, 1995;Daza et al, 2003). On other hand, the possible influence of compensatory growth on backfat fatty acid composition of selected pigs has been hardly studied, although fatty acid metabolism is largely affected by feed intake and metabolic regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of a moderate feed restriction on subsequent growth and body composition in pigs raised under high environmental temperatures

Daza¹,

Olivares²,

López‐Bote³

2006

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The experiment was conducted to assess the influence of a moderate feed restriction during the growth period on overall performance, corporal traits and fatty acid composition in pig backfat in pigs raised under high environmetal temperatures. A hundred Large White x (Large White x Landrace) barrows with an average initial weight of 34.5 kg were randomly distributed, in pens (10 pigs per pen). Fifty pigs were fed ad libitum for 36 days (AL pigs) and another fifty were restricted by 25% of their ad libitum consumption during the same period (R pigs). During the subsequent re-feeding period (64 days) all pigs were fed ad libitum. The only diet used contained 13.4 MJ ME kg -1 , 17% crude protein and 1.3% lysine. The minimum, maximum and mean average temperatures recorded during the feed restriction and post-restriction periods were, ºC: 21.5 ± 1.2, 28.6 ± 1.3 and 25.0 ± 1.1, and 22.6 ± 0.9, 31.2 ± 1.0 and 26.9 ± 0.9, respectively. Considering the whole study period, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake were higher (P<0.05) for AL pigs than for R pigs (840 vs 808 g and 2478 vs 2383 g), although the feed conversion ratio was not different (P>0.05) (2.95 vs 2.95 kg . kg -1 ). At the end of experiment, no differences for dorsal fat thickness and area and for longissimus dorsi muscle depth, width and area, measured at site of the last rib by means of a real-time ultrasound device, were found between experimental groups. The linolenic acid proportions of the subcutaneous fat outer and inner layer were higher in AL than in R pigs (P<0.05), while palmitic and saturated fatty acids total proportions of the subcutaneous fat inner layer were higher in R than in AL pigs (P<0.05).

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Compensatory growth after feed restriction during the rearing period in pigs

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Effect on pig performance of feed restriction during the growth period

Effect on pig performance of feed restriction during the growth period

Effect of early dietary amino acid restrictions on serum metabolites in pigs selected for lean growth efficiency

Effect of a moderate feed restriction on subsequent growth and body composition in pigs raised under high environmental temperatures

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