Compensatory Guaiacyl Lignin Biosynthesis at the Expense of Syringyl Lignin in <i>4CL1</i>-Knockout Poplar

Tsai, Chung‐Jui; Xu, Peng; Xue, Liang‐Jiao; Hu, Haiyuan; Nyamdari, Batbayar; Naran, Radnaa; Zhou, Xiaohong; Goeminne, Geert; Gao, Ruili; Gjersing, Erica; Dahlen, Joseph; Pattathil, Sivakumar; Hahn, Michael G.; Davis, Mark F.; Ralph, John; Boerjan, Wout; Tsai, Chung‐Jui

doi:10.1104/pp.19.01550

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…For clarity of illustration, each stress dataset was compared with the wood paralogs individually without considering overlapping gene responses across tissues or stress conditions. CSE1 and CCoAOMT1 belonging to the same coexpression module in the 4cl1 mutant network (Tsai et al, 2020). The data provide evidence for coordinated subfunctionalization of multiple gene duplicates in the lignin pathway with conditional roles that may be key for lineage-specific adaptation.…”

Section: Sub-functionalization Of Duplicated Genesmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Gene coexpression network modeling revealed distinct associations between Salicoid paralogs of 4CL1/4CL5, CSE1/ CSE2, and CCoAOMT1/CCoAOMT2 duplicates, with 4CL5, FIGURE 1 | Gene expression divergence in response to abiotic stress among Populus wood-expressed paralogs. Salicoid duplicates (3,428 genes or 1,714 paralogs pairs, orange circle) showing expression correlations of ≥0.75 across the secondary stem (Sundell et al, 2017) were interrogated for their responsiveness to different perturbations, including nitrogen (N) starvation in roots, leaves (Luo et al, 2015), and xylem (Lu et al, 2019), tension wood induction by bending (Swamy et al, 2015), drought-stressed xylem, bark, roots, and leaves (Xue et al, 2016), xylem of lignin-deficient trees (4CL1-KO; Tsai et al, 2020), and salt-stressed leaves, stem, and roots (Yao et al, 2020). Each oval represents one tissue (B, bark; L, leaf; R, root; S, stem; and X, xylem) from a given experiment, colorcoded by perturbation type.…”

Section: Sub-functionalization Of Duplicated Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies show altered expression of stress-related genes in transgenics with modified wood characteristics. For instance, lignin-deficient poplars exhibited transcriptome reprogramming of genes associated with not only cell wall biogenesis and remodeling, but also ROS metabolism, detoxification, and response to various stimuli ( Tsai et al, 2020 ). In particular, genes involved in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle, sulfate assimilation, and cadmium response were upregulated in lignin-reduced poplars.…”

Section: Roles Of Scw Biogenesis Genes In Abiotic Stress Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergies and Entanglement in Secondary Cell Wall Development and Abiotic Stress Response in Trees

2021

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A major challenge for sustainable food, fuel, and fiber production is simultaneous genetic improvement of yield, biomass quality, and resilience to episodic environmental stress and climate change. For Populus and other forest trees, quality traits involve alterations in the secondary cell wall (SCW) of wood for traditional uses, as well as for a growing diversity of biofuels and bioproducts. Alterations in wood properties that are desirable for specific end uses can have negative effects on growth and stress tolerance. Understanding of the diverse roles of SCW genes is necessary for the genetic improvement of fast-growing, short-rotation trees that face perennial challenges in their growth and development. Here, we review recent progress into the synergies and antagonisms of SCW development and abiotic stress responses, particularly, the roles of transcription factors, SCW biogenesis genes, and paralog evolution.

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Section: Sub-functionalization Of Duplicated Genesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Sub-functionalization Of Duplicated Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Roles Of Scw Biogenesis Genes In Abiotic Stress Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergies and Entanglement in Secondary Cell Wall Development and Abiotic Stress Response in Trees

2021

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“…Disruption of 4CL1 lowered the syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S:G) monolignol ratio, resulted in a 23% decrease of the lignin content, and had a slight reduction of condensed tannins (CT), which is a flavonoid derivative, suggesting that some gene redundancy is present between 4CL1 and 4CL2. Knocking out 4CL2 resulted in a 50-90% reduction of CT only in the roots and 30% less chlorogenic (Zhou et al, 2015;Tsai et al, 2020).…”

Section: Current Efforts Using Crispr/cas9 To Study Plant Cell Wall-rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further characterization of the 4cl1 mutants found that they contained more caffeic acid, which is a substrate for 4CL5. In addition, the 4cl1 mutants showed reduced expression of ferulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H), a key gene in the S-lignin biosynthesis pathway, and elevated expression of caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase1 that is involved in G-lignin biosynthesis, suggesting that the reduced S-lignin production in 4cl1 mutants came with a compensatory effect in G-lignin biosynthesis (Tsai et al, 2020). Similar to poplar, switchgrass is a tetraploid species that contains three homologous 4CL genes, namely Pv4CL1, Pv4CL2, and Pv4CL3 (Park et al, 2017).…”

Section: Osidd2 (Interminate Domain 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technology: A Valuable Tool for Understanding Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Function

Zhang

Showalter

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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For the past 5 years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology has appeared in the molecular biology research spotlight. As a game-changing player in genome editing, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized animal research, including medical research and human gene therapy as well as plant science research, particularly for crop improvement. One of the most common applications of CRISPR/Cas9 is to generate genetic knock-out mutants. Recently, several multiplex genome editing approaches utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 were developed and applied in various aspects of plant research. Here we summarize these approaches as they relate to plants, particularly with respect to understanding the biosynthesis and function of the plant cell wall. The plant cell wall is a polysaccharide-rich cell structure that is vital to plant cell formation, growth, and development. Humans are heavily dependent on the byproducts of the plant cell wall such as shelter, food, clothes, and fuel. Genes involved in the assembly of the plant cell wall are often highly redundant. To identify these redundant genes, higher-order knock-out mutants need to be generated, which is conventionally done by genetic crossing. Compared with genetic crossing, CRISPR/Cas9 multi-gene targeting can greatly shorten the process of higher-order mutant generation and screening, which is especially useful to characterize cell wall related genes in plant species that require longer growth time. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 makes it possible to knock out genes when null T-DNA mutants are not available or are genetically linked. Because of these advantages, CRISPR/Cas9 is becoming an ideal and indispensable tool to perform functional studies in plant cell wall research. In this review, we provide perspectives on how to design CRISPR/Cas9 to achieve efficient gene editing and multi-gene targeting in plants. We also discuss the recent development of the virus-based CRISPR/Cas9 system and the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to knock in genes. Lastly, we summarized current progress on using CRISPR/Cas9 for the characterization of plant cell wall-related genes.

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Reengineering of the CRISPR/Cas System

Khan

Sattar

Siddique

et al. 2022

The CRISPR/Cas Tool Kit for Genome Editing

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Compensatory Guaiacyl Lignin Biosynthesis at the Expense of Syringyl Lignin in 4CL1-Knockout Poplar

Cited by 44 publications

References 87 publications

Synergies and Entanglement in Secondary Cell Wall Development and Abiotic Stress Response in Trees

Synergies and Entanglement in Secondary Cell Wall Development and Abiotic Stress Response in Trees

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technology: A Valuable Tool for Understanding Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Function

Reengineering of the CRISPR/Cas System

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