Compensatory Plant Growth as a Response to Herbivory

McNaughton, S. J.

doi:10.2307/3544305

Cited by 1,031 publications

(705 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…There are various models in the literature regarding compensatory growth of vegetation due to herbivory on semi-arid grasslands (McNaughton, 1983; but see Belsky, 1987). Our results show that semi-arid, open, perennial sand grasslands compensate the effects of controlled moderate grazing, which has favorable effects on species density, while heavy grazing pressure results in degraded grasslands (Ó nodi, Kertész, and Botta-Duka at, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Grazing Effects on Vegetation Composition and on the Spread of Fire on Open Sand Grasslands

Ónodi

Kertész

Botta‐Dukát

et al. 2008

Arid Land Research and Management

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Canopy cover of the litter and vascular plant species, species number, plant height, burnt area, and the speed of fire-spread were estimated in 1 Â 1 m quadrates. The burnt area was significantly smaller with late sheep grazing, while the speed of fire-spread decreased significantly due to rabbit grazing compared to that of the control. Plant height was significantly decreased by early and late sheep grazing, while rabbit grazing resulted in significantly lower canopy cover values of vascular plants compared to the control. Early sheep grazing resulted in overcompensation of the canopy cover of vascular plants. Species number was not affected by the grazing treatments. This 1-year experiment demonstrated that moderate grazing has no short-term effects on the species diversity of the semi-arid open sand grassland. Furthermore, late spring grazing decreased the spread of fire on the grassland portions of the community; thus it may inhibit the burning of large areas of the semi-arid forest-steppe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Grazing Effects on Vegetation Composition and on the Spread of Fire on Open Sand Grasslands

Ónodi

Kertész

Botta‐Dukát

et al. 2008

Arid Land Research and Management

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“…In addition, plant biomass is not necessarily reduced by the same percentage as leaf area (Harris, 1974 ;Bassman et al, 1982 ;Reich et al, 1993). In fact, there is evidence that lightly defoliated plants may increase sufficiently in biomass to end up larger in mass than non-defoliated controls (Harris, 1974 ;McNaughton, 1983).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since there is some agreement that plant mass can increase in defoliated plants (i.e. overcompensate) relative to undefoliated ones (Harris, 1974 ;McNaughton, 1983 ;Reich et al, 1993), the question can be posed whether defoliation had a more positive effect in either species. Larch seedlings lightly defoliated in 1990 showed no apparent change in photosynthesis, but did have a greater total biomass than controls in both years (Figs 1, 2, Table 4).…”

Section: Biomass Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of defoliation intensity and history on photosynthesis, growth and carbon reserves of two conifers with contrasting leaf lifespans and growth habits

Vanderklein

1999

New Phytologist

104

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The effects of partial defoliation on photosynthesis, whole-seedling carbon allocation, partitioning and growth were studied for two species with contrasting foliar traits. Field-grown seedlings of deciduous Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) and evergreen red pine (Pinus resinosa) were defoliated by hand in early summer for 2 consecutive years. In the first year (1990), seedlings were defoliated by removing the distal 0, 25, 50 or 75% of each needle. In the second year (1991), seedlings were defoliated either 0 or 50%, regardless of previous defoliation treatments. Defoliation had little effect on photosynthesis and starch concentration in whole seedlings of either species in the first year. In the second year, photosynthesis increased in both species in response to the 1991 defoliation treatment, and in red pine also increased in response to the 1990 defoliation treatment. Further, in 1991 both larch and pine had decreased whole-seedling total non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in all seedlings that were defoliated at least once over the 2-yr period. This decrease was noted mostly in the starch component of the nonstructural carbohydrates, and was similar in both species. In 1991, biomass was similarly decreased in both species in response to 1991 defoliation. Both species showed overcompensation in total and component biomass in seedlings defoliated by 25% in 1990. Overall, the results do not support the widely held belief that evergreen trees are substantially more affected than deciduous trees by defoliation.

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“…In order to survive from such attacks, some plant species are likely to develop compensating mechanism: regrowth (van der Meijden et al 1988). As one of the most common tolerance strategies of plants, regrowth ability implies the saving and storage of nutrients and energy in plant parts that are relatively free from herbivore attack (McNaughton 1983;Rosenthal and Kotanen 1994;De Jong and Van Der Meijden 2000;Anten and Pierik 2010). Depending on the sink-source relationships, the reallocation of resources in different plant organs could result in a compensatory regrowth to replace damaged tissue after herbivory (Utsumi and Ohgushi 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enemies lost: parallel evolution in structural defense and tolerance to herbivory of invasive Jacobaea vulgaris

et al. 2015

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According to the Shifting Defense Hypothesis, invasive plants should trade-off their costly quantitative defense to cheaper qualitative defense and growth due to the lack of natural specialist enemies and the presence of generalist enemies in the introduced areas. Several studies showed that plant genotypes from the invasive areas had a better qualitative defense than genotypes from the native area but only a few studies have focused on the quantitative defenses and tolerance ability. We compared structural defenses, tolerance and growth between invasive and native plant populations from different continents using the model plant Jacobaea vulgaris. We examined several microscopical structure traits, toughness, amount of cell wall proteins, growth and root-shoot ratio, which is a proxy for tolerance. The results show that invasive Jacobaea vulgaris have thinner leaves, lower leaf mass area, lower leaf cell wall protein contents and a lower root-shoot ratio than native genotypes. It indicates that invasive genotypes have poorer structural defense and tolerance to herbivory but potentially higher growth compared to native genotypes. These findings are in line with the Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability hypothesis and Shifting Defense Hypothesis. We also show that the invasiveness of this species in three geographically separated regions is consistently associated with the loss of parts of its quantitative defense and tolerance ability. The simultaneous change in quantitative defense and tolerance of the same magnitude and direction in the three invasive regions can be explained by parallel evolution. We argue that such parallel evolution might be attributed to the absence of natural enemies rather than adaptation to local abiotic factors, since climate conditions among these three regions were different. Understanding such evolutionary changes helps to understand why plant species become invasive and might be important for biological control.

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Compensatory Plant Growth as a Response to Herbivory

Cited by 1,031 publications

References 71 publications

Grazing Effects on Vegetation Composition and on the Spread of Fire on Open Sand Grasslands

Grazing Effects on Vegetation Composition and on the Spread of Fire on Open Sand Grasslands

The effect of defoliation intensity and history on photosynthesis, growth and carbon reserves of two conifers with contrasting leaf lifespans and growth habits

Enemies lost: parallel evolution in structural defense and tolerance to herbivory of invasive Jacobaea vulgaris

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