Competence of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus as vector of Dirofilaria immitis after blood meal with different microfilarial density

Lai, Cheng‐Hung; Tung, Kwong‐Chung; Ooi, Hong-Kean; Wang, Jiunn-Shiow

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00242-9

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Females (100–200) were transferred into 7 L plastic containers; males were discarded. Microfilaremic blood was offered according to the methods of Lai et al (2000) with the following modifications. Known densities of microfilariae in heparinized dog blood were added to glass feeders secured at the base with washed hog intestine (Syracuse Casing Company, Syracuse, NY, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mosquitoes were dissected at time points beginning before 130 accumulated HDUs and continued until the end of the experiment. At each time point, heads and abdomens of cold-immobilized females were dissected in separate drops of saline on glass microscope slides to be inspected visually for presence and staging of D. immitis larvae (Taylor 1960, Lai et al 2000, Tiawsirisup 2007). Data were recorded per mosquito and included number, developmental stage, and mosquito body region/organ in which larvae were found.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-scale temperature fluctuation and modulation of Dirofilaria immitis larval development in Aedes aegypti

Ledesma

Harrington

2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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We evaluated degree-day predictions of Dirofilaria immitis development (HDU) under constant and fluctuating temperature treatments of equal average daily temperature. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were infected with D. immitis microfilariae and parasite development was recorded at set time points in dissected mosquitoes. Time to L3 development in Malpighian tubules and detection in mosquito heads was shorter for larvae experiencing a daily regime of 19±9°C than larvae at constant 19°C; larval development rate in Malpighian tubules was slower in fluctuating regimes maintained above the 14°C developmental threshold than larvae under constant temperatures. We showed that hourly temperature modeling more accurately predicted D. immitis development to infective L3 stage. Development time differed between fluctuating and constant temperature treatments spanning the 14°C development threshold, implicating a physiological basis for these discrepancies. We conclude that average daily temperature models underestimate L3 development—and consequently dog heartworm transmission risk—at colder temperatures, and spatio-temporal models of D. immitis transmission risk should use hourly temperature data when analyzing high daily temperature ranges spanning 14°C.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-scale temperature fluctuation and modulation of Dirofilaria immitis larval development in Aedes aegypti

Ledesma

Harrington

2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…In terrestrial mammals, birds, and humans, insects often serve as vectors for infectious disease (Aspök, 2005), such as mosquitos in Malaria and sleeping sickness (Geiger et al, 2007) or ticks in Lyme borreliosis (Olsen et al, 1993). Similar parasite systems are known in dogs and their heartworm Dirofilaria immitis, which is transmitted by mosquito bites (Lai et al, 2000;Sacks et al, 2003). Infections in dogs have been successfully diagnosed using molecular tools to identify microfilaria from blood samples (Furtado et al, 2009;Mar et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Heartworm (Acanthocheilonema spirocauda) and seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) infections in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from the North and Baltic Seas

Lehnert

Schwanke

Hahn

et al. 2016

Journal of Sea Research

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“…in Dirofilariasis immitis that infect terrestrial Canidae (dogs, wolves, foxes, coyotes, dingoes and jackals, etc.) (Lai et al 2000, Sacks et al 2002 and in the related heartworm species Acanthocheilonema spirocauda, which infects phocid seals in the Northern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phocid seals, seal lice and heartworms: a terrestrial hostparasite system conveyed to the marine environment

Leidenberger¹,

Hårding²,

Härkönen³

2007

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Adaptation of pinnipeds to the marine habitat imposed parallel evolutions in their parasites. Ancestral pinnipeds must have harboured sucking lice, which were ancestors of the seal louse Echinophthirius horridus. The seal louse is one of the few insects that successfully adjusted to the marine environment. Adaptations such as keeping an air reservoir and the ability to hold on to and move on the host were necessary, as well as an adjustment of their life cycle to fit the diving habits of their host. E. horridus are confined to the Northern Hemisphere and have been reported from 9 species of northern phocids belonging to 4 genera, including land-locked seal species. The transmission from seal to seal is only possible when animals are hauled-out on land or ice. Lice are rarely found on healthy adult seals, but frequently on weak and young animals. The seal louse is suggested to play an important role as an intermediate host transmitting the heartworm Acanthocheilonema spirocauda among seals. However, the evidence is restricted to a single study where the first 3 larval stages of the heartworm were shown to develop in the louse. The fourth-stage larvae develop in the blood system of seals and eventually transform into the adult stage that matures in the heart. Since all other studies failed to confirm the presence of heartworm larvae in seal lice, other unknown intermediate hosts could be involved in the transmission of the heartworm. Transplacental transmission of microfilariae in seals has been suggested as an additional possibility, but is not likely to be important since the occurrence of heartworms in adult seals is very rare compared with juveniles. Furthermore, there are no findings of the first 3 larval stages in seals. This review shows that the heartworm infects nearly the same species of seals as the seal louse, except for the grey seal Halichoerus grypus, where the heartworm is absent. Prevalence and intensity of infection differ among regions in the Northern Hemisphere. As for seal lice, heartworms mainly infect immature seals, and after infection the prevalence seems to decrease with increasing age of the host.

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Competence of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus as vector of Dirofilaria immitis after blood meal with different microfilarial density

Cited by 47 publications

References 12 publications

Fine-scale temperature fluctuation and modulation of Dirofilaria immitis larval development in Aedes aegypti

Fine-scale temperature fluctuation and modulation of Dirofilaria immitis larval development in Aedes aegypti

Heartworm (Acanthocheilonema spirocauda) and seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) infections in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from the North and Baltic Seas

Phocid seals, seal lice and heartworms: a terrestrial hostparasite system conveyed to the marine environment

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Competence of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus as vector of Dirofilaria immitis after blood meal with different microfilarial density

Cited by 47 publications

References 12 publications

Fine-scale temperature fluctuation and modulation of Dirofilaria immitis larval development in Aedes aegypti

Fine-scale temperature fluctuation and modulation of Dirofilaria immitis larval development in Aedes aegypti

Heartworm (Acanthocheilonema spirocauda) and seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) infections in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from the North and Baltic Seas

Phocid seals, seal lice and heartworms: a terrestrial hostparasite system conveyed to the marine environment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Phocid seals, seal lice and heartworms: a terrestrial hostparasite system conveyed to the marine environment