Competências De Auxiliares E Técnicos De Saúde Bucal E O Vínculo Com O Sistema Único De Saúde

Abstract

Resumo O estudo teve por objetivo descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, de trabalho e formação de auxiliares e técnicos em saúde bucal com atuação no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram analisadas as informações relatadas por 255 auxiliares e técnicos de saúde bucal que participaram do Congresso Rio-Grandense de Odontologia realizado em 2010 e 2012. A pesquisa utilizou-se de um questionário escrito, estruturado e autoaplicável, organizado em três blocos temáticos com as seguintes categorias: identificação (sexo, idade, estado civil, estado/cidade, renda, habilitação, vínculo e inscrição conselho/sindicato), formação (estabelecimento, duração, incentivo/dificuldades de atualização/formação) e processo de trabalho (competências e atribuições profissionais). Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que diferenças no processo de trabalho entre os auxiliares e técnicos de saúde bucal determinadas pelo vínculo de trabalho com o Sistema Único de Saúde estavam concentradas nas atribuições das competências de promoção e prevenção de saúde. Também se verificou que as atribuições das competências de organização do ambiente de trabalho e de atendimento clínico de saúde bucal conferem maior identidade ao trabalho desses profissionais, independentemente do vínculo. O estudo alerta para a sobreposição das competências e atribuições realizadas pelos auxiliares e técnicos de saúde bucal. Palavras-chave saúde bucal; competência profissional; recursos humanos; saúde da família. AbstractThe study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, labor, and training profile of aides and technicians in oral health working in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Information reported by 255 oral health aides and technicians who attended the Rio Grande do Sul Dental Congress in 2010 and 2012 was analyzed. The survey used a written, structured, and self-administered questionnaire, organized into three thematic blocks under these categories: identification (gender, age, marital status, state/city, income, license, ties and board/labor union registration), training (establishment, duration, incentive/difficulties in keeping updated/training) and work process (professional competencies and attributions). The results showed that work process differences between oral health aides and technicians, as determined by their working ties with the National Health System, were mostly in the health promotion and prevention competency attributions. It was also found that the attributions of the working environment organization and clinical care competencies in oral health provide greater identity to the work of these professionals, regardless of their ties. The study points to the overlapping of skills and duties performed by oral health aides and technicians.

Work process of an oral health team according to the dentists

“…The actions that were exclusively the functions of the TSB were those that presented the most inconsistency in relation to the legislation. This finding corroborates the data that have been pointed out in the literature: that there are no significant differences between the work process performed by the oral health assistants and technicians, since the skills and attributions marked by the assistants were also reported by the technicians, resulting in a low number of attributions that were exclusively of the latter 14 .…”

“…In the present study, the actions related to organization of the work environment were those most correctly delegated, while those of clinical care in oral health were those most cut off from the technicians. Warmling et al 14 verified that the auxiliary professionals that were active in SUS worked more intensely with the skills of health promotion and prevention of disease, which has a relationship with the findings of this study, however, the extrapolation of ASB functions was noted. Furthermore, important regional differences should be considered; the TSB have hardly been absorbed into dental services, a reality also found in the municipality of Campinas.…”

“…For data classification, the analysis performed by Frazão & Narvai 13 was considered, taking as reference the skills in terms of direct actions -those when the patient was provided with the action, and indirect actions, those corresponding to the activities the dentist was provided with at the chairside, and or support with assistance. The actions were also classified according to four skills: 'Health promotion and prevention of diseases'; 'Prevention and control of oral diseases'; 'Organization of the work environment' and 'Clinical oral health care' 14 .…”

“…To enable the oral health team to work in an integrated manner, respectfully, and attain their maximum productivity, not only is incorporation of the auxiliary personnel required, but the dentist needs to know how to delegate functions [9][10] , thereby allowing the role played by assistants and technicians to attain its potentialities, and allowing the development of their professional skills and attributions that culminate in extending the profile of dental practice 14 . In the public sector, it is extremely important to organize the work and delegate in the correct manner, so that among other gains, a larger number of persons could be contemplated to receive oral health care actions 5,7,18 .…”

“…the public 9,14 and private sectors 8,15 . However, the dentists' view about this question is till incipient and focused on the role of the dentist-professor in the education of the technicians 5 .…”