Competing correlated states around the zero-field Wigner crystallization transition of electrons in two dimensions

Anisotropic Two-Dimensional Disordered Wigner Solid

“…3(c) are comparable to the melting temperatures reported for the magnetic-field-induced WS phases of dilute 2DESs in GaAs [5,11,15] and AlAs [18], and 2D holes in GaAs [17]. They are much smaller than those recently quoted for the zerofield WS phases in MoSe 2 [19,20], but much larger than in ZnO [21].…”

“…Strong electron-electron interaction in clean twodimensional electron systems (2DESs) leads to a plethora of many-body phases such as fractional quantum Hall liquid [1], Wigner solid (WS) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], and correlated magnetism [16,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Anisotropy introduces a new flavor to the interaction phenomena and triggers yet another set of unexpected correlated phases [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], such as nematic quantum Hall states [32, 34-36, 40, 42].…”

“…In a GaAs 2DES (m * = 0.067m e , where m e is the free electron mas and ε = 13), r s 35 corresponds to a density of n = 2.5 × 10 8 cm −2 , which is indeed very difficult to attain [45,46]. In systems with a larger m * , high r s can be obtained at reasonable densities [10,16,[19][20][21]. In fact, there are reports of a WS formation in GaAs 2D holes [10], and AlAs [16], MoSe 2 [19,20], and ZnO [21] electrons.…”

“…In systems with a larger m * , high r s can be obtained at reasonable densities [10,16,[19][20][21]. In fact, there are reports of a WS formation in GaAs 2D holes [10], and AlAs [16], MoSe 2 [19,20], and ZnO [21] electrons.…”

Robust Interlayer-Coherent Quantum Hall States in Twisted Bilayer Graphene

“…For many years, interaction-induced exotic quantum Hall states were only explored in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures until similar physics were detected in ZnO/MgZnO − and bilayer graphene. − The nature of the quantum Hall effect in monolayer graphene differs to that in the previously mentioned systems. Owing to the unique linear band dispersion entangled with the valley and sublattice degrees of freedom, the electronic wave function changes from spinor to scalar depending on the orbital quantum number.…”