2016
DOI: 10.1515/npf-2015-0033
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Competing Rather than Collaborating: Egyptian Nongovernmental Organizations in Turbulence

Abstract: This article examines how the Egyptian government produced a legal, regulatory, and operational environment designed to “divide and throttle” the country’s NGO sector. We identify a two-pronged government strategy toward the NGO sector – namely, flooding the field and bureaucratic overload – the effect of which was to fragment and weaken the sector and prevent it from forming an effective oppositional bloc. We furthermore argue that this government strategy promoted competition rather than cooperation among NG… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Other registered organizations describe developing relations with governmental officials and powerful political parties to overcome the bureaucratic burdens of the state. These findings are similar to patterns observed in other MENA countries in which bureaucratic burdens are placed upon civil society actors in order to control, weaken and co-opt them (Herrold & Atia, 2016;Wiktorowicz, 2000). Likewise, in weaker states such as Lebanon, political parties, through their control of resources, coerce civil society actors into patron-client networks (Clark & Salloukh, 2013;Kingston, 2001).…”
Section: Measuring Values Within Menasupporting
confidence: 81%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Other registered organizations describe developing relations with governmental officials and powerful political parties to overcome the bureaucratic burdens of the state. These findings are similar to patterns observed in other MENA countries in which bureaucratic burdens are placed upon civil society actors in order to control, weaken and co-opt them (Herrold & Atia, 2016;Wiktorowicz, 2000). Likewise, in weaker states such as Lebanon, political parties, through their control of resources, coerce civil society actors into patron-client networks (Clark & Salloukh, 2013;Kingston, 2001).…”
Section: Measuring Values Within Menasupporting
confidence: 81%
“…However, more nuanced research suggests the issue is more encompassing (Bayat, 2002;Cavatorta & Durac, 2011). Furthermore, the normative concepts of civil society acting as a voluntary and autonomous sector in the region have been challenged early on (Carapico, 1998), and these challenges are echoed throughout the literature (Atia & Herrold, 2018;Clark & Salloukh, 2013;Herrold & Atia, 2016).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This literature, while acknowledging the role and importance of such organizations, does not explicitly focus on empirical examinations of organizational governance. For example, Tuğal (2013) has examined promarket tendencies within Egyptian charitable organizations, while Herrold and Atia (2016) explore the role of the state in fragmenting and weakening Islamic charities to prevent them from becoming a force for collective empowerment or a voice for societal change. Focusing specifically on the UK, Benthall (2016) suggests the war on terror and subsequent discussion surrounding terrorism, anti-terror initiatives and counter-terror legislation has had a substantial effect on the governance debate surrounding Muslim charities.…”
Section: Muslim Charities and Organizational Governancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Upward accountability also accelerates NGO depoliticization (Hanafi & Tabar, 2003;Stiles, 2002). Through subtle and not-so-subtle messages from the patron, NGOs understand that taking on political work jeopardizes their funding (Herrold & Atia, 2016). Fear of biting the hand that feeds them leads NGOs to cooperate with the patron's agenda, rather than challenge prevailing power structures (Allard, 2014;Smith & Lipsky, 1993).…”
Section: Depoliticizing the Ngo Sectormentioning
confidence: 99%