“…It has also been applied to study the stock [37], mobile phone [38], television [39], silicon wafer [40], operating system [41], alternative energy markets [42,43], the dynamics among economy, population, labor and capital [44e46], and the 3Es issues [47]. In this study, we employ the LV-COMSUD model to study the dynamic interactions among the 3Es and among different types of energy in the U.S., to shed light on the important issue of how to achieve growth and prosperity in a clean environment for developed markets.…”