Competition between 2x and x pollen in styles of Solanum tuberosum determined by a quick in vivo method

Breukelen, E. W. M. Van

doi:10.1007/bf00039196

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The different genetic background used in our study could, however, contribute to the observed differences in growth; the comparison of n and 2n pollen from the same male parent should enable to check it. Similar observations were carried out by Van Breukelen () in Solanum phureja . Other hypotheses could also explain this difference: (i) the incomplete effect of triploid block, as already shown by Van Huylenbroeck et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of high temperature on the production of 2n pollen grains in diploid roses and obtaining tetraploids via unilateral polyploidization

et al. 2015

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To integrate the gene pool of a wild species (primarily diploid) into a cultivated pool (primarily tetraploid), a crossing between a dihaploid cultivated rose and a hybrid of Rosa wichurana allowed to obtain interspecific diploid hybrids that produced 2n pollen grains. A return to a tetraploid level sought by breeders can then be considered using sexual polyploidization, obtained by crossing a tetraploid cultivated rose with these hybrids. Application of a high-temperature regime led to a small but significant increase in the percentage of 2n pollen grains in these hybrids of up to 4.6%. This result was obtained by applying high temperatures close to 32°C during the day to plants cultivated in a glasshouse during recurrent cycles of bloom. Crosses were made between an unreleased tetraploid hybrid tea rose, as a female, and the diploid hybrid that produces the most 2n pollen grains. Tetraploid (42.1%) and triploid (57.9%) offspring were obtained. The use of these 2n pollen grains of the first division restitution type should facilitate the introgression of complex traits of interest. Key words: 2n gametesRose is the most economically important ornamental crop worldwide because of its popularity as a garden, landscape and potted plant, and as cut flower (Gudin 2000). The genus Rosa subgenus Rosa comprises ten sections and more than 200 species (Wissemann 2003, Foug ere-Danezan et al. 2015. Ma€ ıa and Venard (1976) and Berninger (1992) showed that <10 species belonging to three sections are at the origin of roses (Rosa hybrida L.) cultivated today. Many cultivated roses are tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28), whereas many wild species are generally diploid (2n = 2x = 14).Rose breeders have attempted to enrich the variability of the gene pool of cultivated roses by introducing germplasm of new diploid wild species. Many interspecific hybridizations between tetraploid rose cultivars and wild diploid species were carried out, but produced triploids that were generally sterile, making it very difficult to generate additional generations (Wylie 1955). To integrate the variability of diploid species into the gene pool of cultivated roses, a haploidization programme of cultivated roses was developed in the 1990s by Meynet et al. (1994) that consisted of reducing the ploidy level of cultivated rose from tetraploid to diploid. This programme involved three steps: (i) producing dihaploids (diploid) from tetraploid rose cultivars, (ii) creating progeny of interspecific diploid hybrids developed by crossing dihaploid cultivated rose cultivars with wild diploid species and (iii) returning to the tetraploid level (ploidy level most frequently encountered in the cultivated rose) (Crespel and Meynet 2003).Only the first two steps of this programme were carried out. Dihaploids of tetraploid rose cultivars were obtained by parthenogenesis in situ induced by irradiated pollen and immature embryo rescue techniques in vitro (Meynet et al. 1994). The study of their gametogenesis revealed different meiotic anomalies such as abnormal spind...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of high temperature on the production of 2n pollen grains in diploid roses and obtaining tetraploids via unilateral polyploidization

et al. 2015

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“…Documented examples of heritable variation in this trait are rare and often result from unusual characteristics of particular species. For example, diploid pollen is competitively superior to haploid pollen in Solanum tuberosum (van Breukelen, 1982). In dioecious Rumex spp., pollen grains with the gene for femaleness appear to be better competitors than their male counterparts (Rychlewski and Zarzycki, 1975;Conn and Blum, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When many microgametophytes vie for a limited number of ovules, genetically based differences in pollen performance can have two related effects on the next generation of seeds. First, pollen competition can lead to nonrandom fertilization with respect to pollen genotype (Jones, 1928;Bateman, 1956;Levin, 1975;Ottaviano et al, 1975;van Breukelen, 1982;Marshall and Ellstrand, 1986). Second, pollen competition can affect progeny phenotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gametophytic Selection in Raphanus raphanistrum: A Test for Heritable Variation in Pollen Competitive Ability

Snow¹,

Mazer²

1988

Evolution

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Competition among many microgametophytes for a limited number of ovules can lead to both nonrandom fertilization by pollen genotypes and selection for greater sporophytic vigor. The evolutionary implications of this process depend on the extent of heritable genetic variation for pollen competitive ability. Using flower color in wild radish as a genetic marker, we demonstrate differences among pollen donors in competitive ability. Significant differences were found in four out of five pairs of donors. For three pairs of donors, competitive differences were observed in certain maternal plants but not others.To test for heritability of pollen performance, we conducted a selection experiment. We manipulated the intensity of pollen competition for two generations and then tested for differences in the performance of pollen from two selected lines. Competitive ability of pollen derived from each line was assessed relative to a standard unrelated pollen donor, using pollen mixtures on six wild maternal plants. The intensity ofprevious pollen competition had no overall effect on the proportion of seeds sired by each selected line. In two maternal plants, pollen from intense previous competition was actually inferior, contrary to expectation. Thus, we found no evidence for heritable variation in this trait. Other factors, such as male-female interactions, may influence the outcome of pollen competition. Prevailing theory on the genetic basis of effects of pollen competition on subsequent generations is not supported by our results. Improved protocols for future experiments are discussed.

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“…As a drawback, it is very time consuming and no information about the production frequency in the parent plant can be obtained (Bretagnolle and Thompson 1995) as there might be a difference in pollen viability, germination speed or pollen tube growth between n and 2n pollen. Van Breukelen (1982) showed that in Solanum, 2x pollen grew faster than x pollen what can strongly increase the number of seedlings with an increased DNA content. A clear example of this was observed in B.…”

Section: Observed In Lilies Thatmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrence of viable unreduced pollen in a Begonia collection

Dewitte¹,

Eeckhaut²,

Huylenbroeck³

et al. 2009

Euphytica

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Polyploidy is widespread in plants and has played a major role in the evolution and diversification of the plant kingdom. Unreduced (2n) gametes are an interesting tool for polyploidisation and the creation of genetic variation in plant breeding. Especially in ornamentals, polyploidisation can broaden attractive features within a species. A Begonia collection was screened on the occurrence of 2n pollen with the aid of four different techniques: pollen size measurement, flow cytometric analysis of nuclei isolated from germinated and non germinated pollen, investigation of the microsporogenesis and analysis of progeny. In ten of the 70 screened genotypes (B. dregei, B. pearcei, B. 'Anna Christina', B. 'Bubbles', B. 'Florence Rita', B. 'Orococo', B. 'Rubaiyat', B. 'Spatflacier', B. 'Tamo' and B276), large pollen were observed with a rather spherical than normal ellipsoidal shape. Flow cytometric data proved that these aberrantly shaped pollen were associated with 2n ploidy levels, although they were not always viable. Meiotic aberrations in these large pollen producers resulted mainly in dyads although also monads, triads and polyads were observed. Successful crosses were obtained with B. dregei, B. 'Orococo', and B276 as pollinators; DNA content had increased in all or a part of the progeny. The results show that the occurrence of 2n pollen is not a rare phenomenon in Begonia

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Competition between 2x and x pollen in styles of Solanum tuberosum determined by a quick in vivo method

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of high temperature on the production of 2n pollen grains in diploid roses and obtaining tetraploids via unilateral polyploidization

Effect of high temperature on the production of 2n pollen grains in diploid roses and obtaining tetraploids via unilateral polyploidization

Gametophytic Selection in Raphanus raphanistrum: A Test for Heritable Variation in Pollen Competitive Ability

Occurrence of viable unreduced pollen in a Begonia collection

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