Competition between diploid and derivative autotetraploid <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> L. from Galicia. Implications for the establishment of novel polyploid populations

Maceira, N. O.; Jacquard, P.; Lumaret, R.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03822.x

Cited by 83 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…However, studies of competition between diploid and tetraploid populations have provided evidence that bears indirectly on minority cytotype processes. For example, Maceira et al (1993) found that diploid and tetraploid Dactylis grown in association had reduced seed production compared with pure stands and that both cytotypes were a¡ected equally. In addition, studies of phenotypic selection on £owering time in sympatric populations of diploid and tetraploid Anthoxanthum alpinum indicated that ¢tness varies as a function of the degree of £owering overlap (Bretagnolle 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on polyploid evolution: a test of the minority cytotype exclusion principle

Husband

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

221

232

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Polyploid evolution is often considered a mechanism of instant speciation; yet the establishment of rare tetraploids within diploid populations may be constrained by a frequency-dependent mating disadvantage (minority cytotype exclusion principle). I tested this hypothesis using experimental populations of Chamerion angustifolium (Onagraceae) that contained di¡erent proportions of tetraploids and diploids. Fitness, measured as total seed production over the entire £owering season, was calculated from a census of £ower number and estimates of ovule number per £ower and proportion of seed set per fruit. The ¢tness of tetraploids relative to diploids was frequency dependent, increasing from 0.4, when tetraploids were rare, to 0.7 when at 50% and 1.15 when they were in the majority (67%). This pattern exists because of a negative relationship between tetraploid frequency and seed set per fruit in diploids. Seed set in tetraploids was independent of cytotype frequency. The frequency-independent e¡ect in tetraploids re£ects higher assortative mating, partly because of non-random patterns of bee visitation. Bees visited a disproportionately high number of diploid in£orescences; however, the proportion of successive £ights between tetraploids increased above random expectations as the frequency of tetraploids decreased. These results provide the ¢rst experimental test of frequency-dependent ¢tness in diploid^polyploid mixtures and suggest an important role for more gradual, population processes governing the evolution of polyploidy in natural populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on polyploid evolution: a test of the minority cytotype exclusion principle

Husband

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

221

232

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“…For example, polyploidy can influence genetic variation (e.g., Klekowski and Baker 1966;Roose and Gottlieb 1976;Soltis and Rieseberg 1986;Moody et al 1993;Ainouche et al 1995;Purdy and Bayer 1995;Song et al 1995;Ehrendorfer et al 1996), life histories (e.g., Marks 1966;Smith and Phipps 1988;Barrett 1989;Husband and Schemske 1997), morphology (e.g., Khare and Kaur 1983;Patwary et al 1989;Chmielewski 1994;Vandenhout et al 1995), physiology (e.g., Tiwari et al 1980;Levin 1983;Koul et al 1985;Bhargava et al 1988; Warner and Edwards 1989;Griesbach and Kamo 1996;Letchamo 1996), and geographic distributions (e.g., Tothill and Hacker 1976;Novak et al 1991; Van Dijk 2 Present address: Department of Biology, Vanderbilt University, Box l8l2-B, Nashville, Tennessee 37235; E-mail: k.segraves@ vanderbilt.edu. Lamade et al 1994; Husband and Schemske 1998).In angiosperms, two other common effects of polyploidy are shifts in the timing of flowering (Tothill and Hacker 1976;Garbutt and Bazzaz 1983;Lumaret et al 1987;Lumaret 1988;Lumaret and Barrientos 1990; Van Dijk et al 1992;Maceira et al 1993;Bretagnolle and Lumaret 1995;Petit et al 1997) and changes in floral morphology (Giles 1942;Smith 1946;Kliphuis 1972;Taylor...…”

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confidence: 99%

PLANT POLYPLOIDY AND POLLINATION: FLORAL TRAITS AND INSECT VISITS TO DIPLOID AND TETRAPLOID HEUCHERA GROSSULARIIFOLIA

1999

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Abstract.-In many polyploid species, polyploids often have different suites of floral traits and different flowering times than their diploid progenitor species. We hypothesized that such differences in floral traits in polyploids may subsequently affect their interactions with pollinating and other insect visitors. We measured floral morphology and flowering phenology in 14 populations of diploid and autotetraploid Heuchera grossulariifolia Rydb. (Saxifragaceae), determined if repeated evolution of independent polyploid lineages resulted in differentiation in floral morphology among those lineages, and ascertained if there was a consistent pattern of differentiation among genetically similar diploid and autotetraploid populations. In addition, we evaluated the differences in suites of floral visitors within a natural community where diploids and autotetraploids occur sympatrically. Overall, flowers of autotetraploid plants were larger and shaped differently than those of diploids, had a different flowering phenology than that of diploids, and attracted different suites of floral visitors. In comparison with flowers of diploids, tetraploid floral morphology varied widely from pronounced differences between cytotypes in some populations to similar flower shapes and sizes between ploidallevels in other populations. Observations of floral visitors to diploids and autotetraploids in a natural sympatric population demonstrated that the cytotypes had different suites of floral visitors and six of the 15 common visitors preferentially visited one ploidy more frequently. Moreover, we also found that floral morphology differed among independent auto tetraploid origins, but there was no consistent pattern of differentiation between genetically similar diploid and auto tetraploid populations. Hence, the results suggest that the process of polyploidization creates the potential for attraction of different suites of floral visitors. Multiple origins of polyploidy also presents the opportunity for new or different plant-insect interactions among independent polyploid lineages. These differences in turn may affect patterns of gene flow between diploids and polyploids and also among plants of independent polyploid origin. Polyploidy, therefore, may result in a geographic mosaic of interspecific interactions across a species' range, contributing to diversification in both plant and insect groups. The evolution of polyploidy has played a major role in the creation and maintenance of plant biodiversity (e.g., Thompson and Lumaret 1992;Soltis andSoltis 1993, 1995;Song et al. 1995;Goldblatt and Takei 1997). About one-half of all angiosperm species are thought to have polyploids in their lineages (Stebbins 1971;Averett 1980;DeWet 1980;Levin 1983;Masterson 1994), and within polyploid species, multiple origins of polyploidy are considered the rule ; reviewed in Soltis and Soltis 1993). The success of many polyploid taxa has been associated with numerous changes that may differentiate them from their diploid ancestors. For example, poly...

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“…On the other hand, ploidy-altered traits may translate to better polyploid performance in competition either with its diploid progenitor or with other species. Studies experimentally addressing competition between diploids and their naturally-occurring, recently arisen autopolyploid derivatives are, however, very rare and either support this view (Maceira et al, 1993) or show no difference (Thompson et al, 2015). Alternatively, ploidy-altered traits may also help to cope with competition with other species and may broaden niches, opening the possibility to escape from minority cytotype exclusion.…”

Section: Cytotype and Competitive Exclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming that interploidy matings are more likely to produce inviable or sterile offspring, rare cytotypes should have reduced relative fitness. Such a frequency-dependent mating disadvantage was described from experimental and natural mixed-ploidy populations (Hagberg and Elleström, 1959;Maceira et al, 1993;Husband, 2000;Baack and Stanton, 2005;Mráz et al, 2012), but only a few studies further evaluated its significance for polyploid establishment. Interestingly, studies of mixed-ploidy populations of Chamerion angustifolium indicate a surprising asymmetry in this relationship between ploidies.…”

Section: Cytotype and Competitive Exclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Polyploid Hop”: Shifting Challenges and Opportunities Over the Evolutionary Lifespan of Genome Duplications

et al. 2018

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The duplication of an entire genome is no small affair. Whole genome duplication (WGD) is a dramatic mutation with long-lasting effects, yet it occurs repeatedly in all eukaryotic kingdoms. Plants are particularly rich in documented WGDs, with recent and ancient polyploidization events in all major extant lineages. However, challenges immediately following WGD, such as the maintenance of stable chromosome segregation or detrimental ecological interactions with diploid progenitors, commonly do not permit establishment of nascent polyploids. Despite these immediate issues some lineages nevertheless persist and thrive. In fact, ecological modeling commonly supports patterns of adaptive niche differentiation in polyploids, with young polyploids often invading new niches and leaving their diploid progenitors behind. In line with these observations of polyploid evolutionary success, recent work documents instant physiological consequences of WGD associated with increased dehydration stress tolerance in first-generation autotetraploids. Furthermore, population genetic theory predicts both short-and long-term benefits of polyploidy and new empirical data suggests that established polyploids may act as "sponges" accumulating adaptive allelic diversity. In addition to their increased genetic variability, introgression with other tetraploid lineages, diploid progenitors, or even other species, further increases the available pool of genetic variants to polyploids. Despite this, the evolutionary advantages of polyploidy are still questioned, and the debate over the idea of polyploidy as an evolutionary dead-end carries on. Here we broadly synthesize the newest empirical data moving this debate forward. Altogether, evidence suggests that if early barriers are overcome, WGD can offer instantaneous fitness advantages opening the way to a transformed fitness landscape by sampling a higher diversity of alleles, including some already preadapted to their local environment. This occurs in the context of intragenomic, population genomic, and physiological modifications that can, on occasion, offer an evolutionary edge. Yet in the long run, early advantages can turn into long-term hindrances, and without ecological drivers such as novel ecological niche availability or agricultural propagation, a restabilization of the genome via diploidization will begin the cycle anew.

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Competition between diploid and derivative autotetraploid Dactylis glomerata L. from Galicia. Implications for the establishment of novel polyploid populations

Cited by 83 publications

References 40 publications

Constraints on polyploid evolution: a test of the minority cytotype exclusion principle

Constraints on polyploid evolution: a test of the minority cytotype exclusion principle

PLANT POLYPLOIDY AND POLLINATION: FLORAL TRAITS AND INSECT VISITS TO DIPLOID AND TETRAPLOID HEUCHERA GROSSULARIIFOLIA

The “Polyploid Hop”: Shifting Challenges and Opportunities Over the Evolutionary Lifespan of Genome Duplications

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