Competition between <i>						Solanum nigrum</i> and pepper in the presence of <i>						Meloidogyne incognita</i>

Zancada,; Ponce, R. González; Verdugo, Miguel Á.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3180.1998.00070.x

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The levels of root galling and nematode population densities of M. incognita and M. javanica found in our study are consistent with previous reports concerning redroot pigweed, black nightshade, and goosefoot in Canada (Davidson and Townshend 1967), Italy (Ciancio et al 1995), Pakistan (Anwar et al 1992), and Spain (Barceló et al 1997;Zancada et al 1998). In particular, the intermediate level of root galling and the short galls that we found in redroot pigweed infected by M. incognita were similar to those reported by Davidson and Townshend (1967).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Suitability of weed species prevailing in Spanish vineyards as hosts for root-knot nematodes

et al. 2007

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Commercial vineyards in southern Spain were surveyed and sampled during October to December 2004 to determine the extent to which common weeds present were suitable hosts of root-knot nematodes infesting soils of those vineyards. Seven weed species commonly growing in grapevine soils in southern Spain were found infected by either Meloidogyne incognita or M. javanica: Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), Anchusa azurea (ox-tongue), Chenopodium album (goosefoot), Erodium moschatum (musk stork's bill), Malva rotundifolia (low mallow), Sinapis alba (white mustard), and Solanum nigrum (black nightshade). The host suitability of the weeds to root-knot nematodes was evaluated on the basis of root galling severity and nematode population densities in soil and roots. Also, the host-parasite relationship in these naturally Meloidogyne-infected weeds was examined. All the weed species in the study were considered suitable hosts for M. incognita and M.javanica because: (a) high Meloidogyne spp. populations occurred in roots and surrounding soil of the weed species; (b) the severity of root galling was high, and (c) well-established permanent feeding sites were observed in the histopathological studies of infected root tissues. In addition, this study presents the first reports of S. alba and A. azurea as hosts for M. incognita, and of E. moschatum as a new host for M. javanica, thus increasing the list of reported weed hosts for Meloidogyne spp. These results indicate that noticeable population densities of M. incognita and M. javanica can be maintained or increased in these weeds, at population levels higher than those previously reported for the same nematodes infecting grapevine roots. The weeds infesting vineyards thus represent an important source of inoculum of Meloidogyne spp., and furthermore may act as reservoirs of these nematodes which can be disseminated within or among vineyards by agricultural operations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Suitability of weed species prevailing in Spanish vineyards as hosts for root-knot nematodes

et al. 2007

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“…Information on weed control is limited. Only a few studies have investigated weed interference in bell pepper, and some of them were conducted in the greenhouse (Gonzalez Ponce et al 1996;Morales-Payan et al 1998;Norsworthy and Meehan 2005;Zancada et al 1998). Frank et al (1988Frank et al ( , 1992 studied the effects of weed cover and weed interference period on bell pepper in the presence of insects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of weed cover and insects on bell pepper yield were additive, and maximum yield loss was 99%. Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) was a stronger competitor than bell pepper under both nematode-infested and nematode-free conditions (Zancada et al 1998). Schroeder et al (2004) also studied the influence of nematodes on interaction between several annual and perennial weeds in chile pepper (Capsicum annum L.).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The time of weed emergence relative to crop is critical in determining the outcome of weed interference in bell pepper (Gonzalez Ponce et al 1996;Zancada et al 1998) and other crops (e.g., Bosnic and Swanton 1997;Chikoye et al 1995;Kropff 1988;Steckel and Sprague 2004). The nonlinear hyperbolic equation of Cousens et al (1987) has been widely used to model the effects of both weed density and relative time of weed emergence on crop yield.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interference of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga ciliata) with bell pepper

Fu¹,

Ashley

2006

Weed sci.

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Large crabgrass, redroot pigweed, and hairy galinsoga are three important weed species in bell pepper and other crops in the northeastern United States. Field experiments were conducted in 1998 and 1999 to determine the influence of density and relative emergence time of the three weed species on bell pepper fruit yield. Densities of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 plants m−1row were established for each weed species from naturally occurring weed populations. The effects of relative emergence time were studied by investigating the different yield responses to weeds emerging at two different times: 3 d or 2 wk after transplanting of pepper. Both weed density and relative emergence time affected pepper yield loss. The relative competitive ability of weed species varied between years. Large crabgrass was the most competitive species in 1998 and the measure of yield loss at low weed densities,I, was estimated to be 34% on the basis of the nonlinear hyperbolic equation. Redroot pigweed was most competitive in 1999 with an estimate of 88% forI.Hairy galinsoga was the least competitive weed in both years. Maximum yield loss under 32 plants m−1row ranged from 19% with late-emerging hairy galinsoga in 1998 to 99% with early-emerging redroot pigweed in 1999. A new equation was proposed to characterize the relation between yield loss and weed pressure by expanding the nonlinear hyperbolic equation to include a parameter to account for the change of maximum yield loss with emergence time. The expanded equation generally provided a more accurate prediction of yield loss. In addition, several models are introduced to describe both the effects of density and relative emergence time of multiple weed species on crop yield. Generally these models provided an adequate fit of the data and a good description of the competitive ability of the mixed population.

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“…Not all the weeds respond the same to nematode invasion: Belair and Benoit [41] [42] showed that a commensalism association exists between root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus): tuber number and weight and root weight increased as final nematode population increased. Zancada [43] studied the susceptibility of pepper (Capsicum annum) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) to Meloidogyne incognita: the nematode invaded both the plants and multiplication rates were high in both pepper and Solanum nigrum. The parasite reduced all the growth parameters of the crop, but did less harm to the weed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Root-Knot nematodes and their egg-parasitic fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Goddard) on weed roots

Bouchagier¹

2018

SDRP-JPS

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Background: Root-knot nematodes is a major pest and difficult to control in vegetable crops worldwide. Pochonia chlamydosporia is an egg-parasitic fungus which attracts attention as a control agent of root-knot nematodes. Weeds serve as potential hosts for both root-knot nematodes and P. chlamydosporia. The objectives of this study was to assess several weed species as hosts of root-knot nematodes and P. chlamydosporia and assess the impact of fungicide foliar treatments on P. chlamydosporia colonies in roots. Methodology: Pot experiments were conducted to study research objectives. Tomato, black nightshade, common lambsquarter and common wild oat were assessed as hosts for root-knot nematodes and P. chlamydosporia. Also, thiophanate-methyl (systemic fungicide) and mancozeb (non-systemic fungicide) were foliarly sprayed to tomato plants already colonized with root-knot nematodes and P. chlamydosporia. Results: Root-knot nematodes and P. chlamydosporia successfully colonized roots of species tested. No significant differences were observed between treatments. P. chlamydosporia colonized successfully tomato roots although applied in low concentration of 1670 spores/ml. Colonization of roots by the fungus was observed as early as seven days after inoculation. No negative impact on P. chlamydosporia colonies in tomato roots sprayed with a fungicide, were observed. Conclusions: Root-knot nematodes can survive in roots of a wide range of plant species, either crops or weeds. This is very important particularly in fallow periods. P. chlamydosporia can be integrated in nematode control schemes and in combination with foliar fungicides in presence of wilt diseases in roots.

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Competition between Solanum nigrum and pepper in the presence of Meloidogyne incognita

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Suitability of weed species prevailing in Spanish vineyards as hosts for root-knot nematodes

Suitability of weed species prevailing in Spanish vineyards as hosts for root-knot nematodes

Interference of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga ciliata) with bell pepper

Survival of Root-Knot nematodes and their egg-parasitic fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Goddard) on weed roots

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