Competitive Biological Activities of Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Abstract

Chitosan is obtained from alkaline deacetylation of chitin, and acetamide groups are transformed into primary amino groups during the deacetylation. The diverse biological activities of chitosan and its derivatives are extensively studied that allows to widening the application fields in various sectors especially in biomedical science. The biological properties of chitosan are strongly depending on the solubility in water and other solvents. Deacetylation degree (DDA) and molecular weight (MW) are the most decisive parameters on the bioactivities since the primary amino groups are the key functional groups of chitosan where permits to interact with other molecules. Higher DDA and lower MW of chitosan and chitosan derivatives demonstrated higher antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer capacities. Therefore, the chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) with a low polymerization degree are receiving a great attention in medical and pharmaceutical applications as they have higher water solubility and lower viscosity than chitosan. In this review articles, the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activities of chitosan and its derivatives are highlighted. The influences of physicochemical parameters of chitosan like DDA and MW on bioactivities are also described.

Development of a chitosan hydrogel containing flavonoids extracted fromPassiflora edulisleaves and the evaluation of its antioxidant and wound healing properties for the treatment of skin lesions in diabetic mice

“…Chitosan has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity (Kim, 2018). Chitosan has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity (Kim, 2018).…”

“…These effects could be attributed to the chitosan and flavonoids present in the formulation studied. Chitosan has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity (Kim, 2018). It has been shown that it can scavenger free radicals and stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (Russo, 2018).…”

Antioxidant Activity Improvement of Apples Juice Supplemented with Chitosan-Galactose Maillard Reaction Products

“…Chitosan is a natural biopolymer of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine, produced by alkaline deacetylation of chitin and extracted from shellfish and cell walls of some fungi and microorganisms [1,2]. Chitosan has attracted more attention and has been broadly applied in the area of medicine, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, agriculture and functional food [1][2][3][4]. Currently, chitosan and its derivatives have been recommended as dietary supplements for their confirmed biological properties, low toxicity and biodegradability.…”

“…Likewise, its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties have attracted more attention as a potential of food preservative of natural products source [4][5][6][7]. Definitely, by chemical modification, chitosan derivatives with specific functions (i.e., improved bioactivity and solubility) can be performed through different chemical reactions, including the acylation reaction [8], reductive alkylation [9] and Maillard reaction [3,7,10,11].…”

Modification of chitosan using hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid and its physicochemical properties including water solubility, oil entrapment and in vitro lipase activity

“…In addition to being biodegradable and biocompatible, chitosan possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and haemostatic behaviour (Chen et al, 2016;Kim & Rajapakse, 2005). Structural aspects of chitosan, such as the presence of hydroxyl groups and primary amine groups, contribute to its antioxidant ability, including its radical scavenging and metal chelating capacities respectively (Kim, 2018;Qin, 1993;Qin et al, 2006;Yen et al, 2008;Wan et al, 2013;).…”