Competitive Exclusion between Piroplasmosis and Anaplasmosis Agents within Cattle

Dib, Loubna; Bitam, Idir; Tahri, Maja; Bensouilah, Mourad; Meeûs, Thierry De

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0040007

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…(7) Competitive exclusion of piroplasms in the buffalo host. Competition of parasites for resources, specifically red blood cells in the host has been documented for anaplasmosis and babesiosis (Dib et al 2008). The relatively low parasitaemia levels observed for T. sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution of Theileria sp. (buffalo) and Theileria sp. (bougasvlei) in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa: implications for speciation

et al. 2013

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Strict control measures apply to movement of buffalo in South Africa including testing for Theileria parva, the causative agent of Corridor disease in cattle. The official test is a real-time hybridization PCR assay that amplifies the 18S rRNA V4 hyper-variable region of T. parva, T. sp. (buffalo) and T. sp. (bougasvlei). Mixed infections with the latter organisms affect diagnostic sensitivity due to PCR suppression. While the incidence of mixed infections in the Corridor disease endemic region of South Africa is significant, little information is available on the specific distribution and prevalence of T. sp. (buffalo) and T. sp. (bougasvlei). Specific real-time PCR assays were developed and a total of 1211 samples known to harbour these parasites were screened. Both parasites are widely distributed in southern Africa and the incidence of mixed infections with T. parva within the endemic region is similar (* 25-50%). However, a significant discrepancy exists in regard to mixed infections of T. sp. (buffalo) and T. sp. (bougasvlei) (* 10%). Evidence for speciation between T. sp. (buffalo) and T. sp. (bougasvlei) is supported by phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene, and their designation as different species. This suggests mutual exclusion of parasites and the possibility of hybrid sterility in cases of mixed infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution of Theileria sp. (buffalo) and Theileria sp. (bougasvlei) in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa: implications for speciation

et al. 2013

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“…A number of studies have commented on the patterns of co-infection observed between different parasite genotypes or species (Dib et al 2008;Vaumourin et al 2014;Njiiri et al 2015). Given that the Theileria may have life-long carrier status, co-infection or lack thereof can be ascribed to the same vector or vector distribution, vector infectivity and transmission efficiency, similar host preferences, host age, parasitemia ranges, ability to propagate asexually in the host, mechanisms of immune evasion or host immunity, competition for the same resources or genetic incompatibility between parasites ).…”

Section: Number Of Genotypes Per Animal and Co-infection Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the diversity of the 18S SSU rRNA hyper-variable region of Theileria in cattle and Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) from southern Africa using a next generation sequencing approach

Mans

Pienaar

Ratabane

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Molecular classification and systematics of the Theileria is based on the analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. Reverse line blot or conventional sequencing approaches have disadvantages in the study of 18S rRNA diversity and a next-generation 454 sequencing approach was investigated. The 18S rRNA gene was amplified using RLB primers coupled to 96 unique sequence identifiers (MIDs). Theileria positive samples from African buffalo (672) and cattle (480) from southern Africa were combined in batches of 96 and sequenced using the GS Junior 454 sequencer to produce 825711 informative sequences. Sequences were extracted based on MIDs and analysed to identify Theileria genotypes. Genotypes observed in buffalo and cattle were confirmed in the current study, while no new genotypes were discovered.Genotypes showed specific geographic distributions, most probably linked with vector distributions. Host specificity of buffalo and cattle specific genotypes were confirmed and prevalence data as well as relative parasitemia trends indicate preference for different hosts.Mixed infections are common with African buffalo carrying more genotypes compared to cattle. Associative or incongruent co-infection profiles were observed between genotypes that may have implications for speciation and systematics: specifically that more Theileria species may exist in cattle and buffalo than currently recognized. Analysis of primers used for Theileria parva diagnostics indicate that no new genotypes will be amplified by the current primer sets confirming their specificity. Theileria parva SNP variants that occur in the 18S rRNA hypervariable region were confirmed. A next generation sequencing approach is useful in obtaining comprehensive knowledge regarding 18S rRNA diversity and prevalence for the Theileria, allowing for the assessment of systematics and diagnostic assays based on the 18S gene.Keywords: 18S SSU, Diversity, Next-generation sequencing, species, Theileria, Theileria parva 3 IntroductionThe Babesia and Theileria are part of the phylum Apicomplexa (Order Piroplasmorida) (Mans et al. 2015 A significant proportion of the systematic study of the Piroplasmorida comprise analysis of the 18S rRNA gene (Allsopp et al. 1994;Chae et al. 1999;Chansiri et al. 1999;Criado-Fornelio et al. 2004;Reichard et al. 2005;Criado et al. 2006;Altay et al. 2007;Bhoora et al. 2009). The reverse line blot (RLB) method (Gubbels et al. 1999), based on simultaneous detection of the 18S rRNA gene for various Babesia and Theileria species, has been extensively used for surveillance purposes (Georges et al. 2001; Almerìa et al. 2002;Oura et al. 2004;Nijhof et al. 2003Nijhof et al. , 2005Altay et al. 2007;M'ghirbi et al. 2008;Altay et al. 2008;Matjila et al. 2008;Oosthuizen et al. 2008; Almerìa et al. 2009;Salih et al. 2010;Yusufmia et al. 2010; Tomassone et al. 2012;Ceci et al. 2014;Githaka et al. 2014;Eygelaar et al. 2015;Njiiri et al. 2015). The method relies on the amplification of the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene, followed by hybridization t...

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“…There have been several studies on competitive exclusion in parasite-host systems. Examples include cestodes in the gut of sticklebacks [2]; the gills of eels and carp infected with Monogenean parasites [3,4]; human schistosome-host interactions in Central Africa [5]; the tick-borne blood parasites Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma in livestock in Morocco [6]; and Taenia parasites in Southeast Asia [6]. Moll and Brown [7] discuss competition and coexistence in species with multiple life-history stages using amphibian models.…”

Section: Competitive Exclusion In Parasite Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Filaria zoogeography in Africa: ecology, competitive exclusion, and public health relevance

Molyneux

Mitre

Bockarie

et al. 2014

Trends in Parasitology

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Competitive Exclusion between Piroplasmosis and Anaplasmosis Agents within Cattle

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Geographic distribution of Theileria sp. (buffalo) and Theileria sp. (bougasvlei) in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa: implications for speciation

Geographic distribution of Theileria sp. (buffalo) and Theileria sp. (bougasvlei) in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa: implications for speciation

Investigating the diversity of the 18S SSU rRNA hyper-variable region of Theileria in cattle and Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) from southern Africa using a next generation sequencing approach

Filaria zoogeography in Africa: ecology, competitive exclusion, and public health relevance

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