Competitive exclusion in poultry––30 years of research

Schneitz, C.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.06.002

Cited by 152 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…One of the recently studied properties of RFO is protective mechanism against oxidative stress and related liver damage in mice (Zhang et al, 2013). Studies in which a model of the chicken embryo is used to compare the biological activity of various prebiotics require determination of the optimal dose for in ovo injection (Schneitz, 2005). Hereby, we demonstrated two simple screening tests proved efficient to determine doses of prebiotics; that is, hatchability percentage and basic microbiological screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, this approach relies on amount of feed and/or water intake, the quality of water (chlorinated) and other experimental factors (Waldroup et al, 2003;Ciesiolka et al, 2005;Schneitz, 2005;Biggs et al, 2007;Midilli et al, 2008;Huyghebaert et al, 2011). As a consequence, consumed dose of prebiotics varies in the first hours/days after hatching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of different prebiotics and mode of their administration on broiler chicken performance

Bednarczyk

Stadnicka

Kozłowska

et al. 2016

Animal

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In the post-antibiotics era, prebiotics are proposed as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. The goal of this study was to compare in ovo method of prebiotic delivery with in-water supplementation and with both methods combined ( in ovo + in-water) in broiler chickens. Two trials were conducted. Trial 1 was carried out to optimize the doses of two prebiotics, DN (DiNovo ® , extract of beta-glucans) and BI (Bi 2 tos, trans-galactooligosaccharides), for in ovo delivery. The estimated parameters were hatchability and bacteriological status of the newly hatched chicks. Prebiotics were dissolved in 0.2 ml of physiological saline, at the doses: 0.18, 0.88, 3.5 and 7.0 mg/embryo; control group (C) was injected in ovo with 0.2 ml of physiological saline. Trial 2 was conducted to evaluate effects of different prebiotics (DN, BI and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO)) delivered in ovo, in-water and in a combined way ( in ovo + in-water) on broiler chickens performance. The results of the Trial 1 indicated that the optimal dose of DN and BI prebiotics delivered in ovo, that did not reduce chicks' hatchability, was 0.88 mg/embryo (DN) and 3.5 mg/embryo (BI). Both prebiotics numerically increased number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in chicken feces ( P > 0.05). In Trial 2, all prebiotics (DN, BI and RFO) significantly increased BW gain compared with the C group ( P < 0.05), especially during the first 21 days of life. However, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were increased upon prebiotics delivery irrespective of method used. Injection of prebiotics in ovo combined with in-water supplementation did not express synergistic effects on broilers performance compared with in ovo injection only. Taken together, those results confirm that single in ovo prebiotics injection into the chicken embryo can successfully replace prolonged in-water supplementation post hatching.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of different prebiotics and mode of their administration on broiler chicken performance

Bednarczyk

Stadnicka

Kozłowska

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…It is well known that yeast culture, and its cell wall extract containing 1, 3-1, 6 d-glucan and Mannanoligosaccharide are the important natural growth promoters for modern poultry production (Van Leeuwen et al 2005). The effect of A. oryzae on macronutrients metabolism in laying hens was observed (Schneitz 2005), of which findings might be of practical relevance. He postulated that active amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes residing in A. oryzae may influence the digested nutrients.…”

Section: Effect Of Enzyme and Probiotic On Feed Intake Feed Conversimentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of supplementation of multi-enzyme and multi-species probiotic on production performance, egg quality, cholesterol level and immune system in laying hens

Khan¹,

Atif

Mukhtar

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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A study was conducted to evaluate enzyme and probiotic feed supplements as alternative feed additives to alleviate the problems associated with the withdrawal of antibiotics from layer diet. A total of 180 Hy-Line W-98 hens, 40 weeks old, were assigned into four treatment groups so that there were 45 laying hens in each group. Four dietary treatments were randomly assigned to the four groups of hens. Hens in Group 1 were fed basal diet only (negative control), Group 2 was fed basal diet ' antibiotic at a level of 2.0 g/kg (positive control), Group 3 was fed basal diet ' multi-enzyme at a level of 2.0 g/kg (ES) and Group 4 was fed basal diet ' multi-species probiotic at a level of 0.5 g/kg (PS). The results showed that addition of either enzyme or probiotic supplementation to the basal diet significantly increased the egg production, egg weight and egg mass of hens than the negative control group. There was no significant difference in feed intake among treatments, although the feed conversion improved with the addition of antibiotic, enzyme and probiotic than the negative control. Over the 70-day trial period, weight gain was higher than the negative control for birds fed the diet containing probiotic. There was no significant effect on mortality during the study. Haugh unit score was significantly increased in the groups fed the ES and PS diets when compared with negative control group. Egg shape index, specific gravity, yolk index, shell weight, shell thickness and damaged eggs did not differ significantly among the laying hens of all dietary groups. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly increased by probiotic supplementation compared with other dietary groups. Dietary treatments did not influence eosinophils and monocytes, increased lymphocyte and decreased heterophil and H:L ratio. The geometric means haemagglutination inhibition titres of birds fed on diets containing antibiotic, enzyme and probiotic supplementation were higher from 28 to 70 days than that of negative control. It may be concluded that the supplementation of enzyme and probiotic in layer diets did not appear to cause any adverse effects on egg production, egg quality and immunity compared with the negative control laying hens and non-antibiotic feed additives can be used as alternative. Moreover, the dietary supplementation of probiotic may lead to the development of low-cholesterol chicken eggs as demanded by health-conscious consumers.

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“…The persistence of nonpathogenic variants of plant and animal pathogens in the environment has been a springboard for the development of biological control for plant pathogens (van Alfen, 1982;Kerr, 1987;Larkin et al, 1996) and of diseases of human and animal intestinal and urinary tracts (Kruis et al, 2004;Schneitz, 2005). The diversity, abundance and ubiquity of nonpathogenic strains of P. syringae suggest that competitive exclusion of pathogen strains by nonpathogenic conspecifics as a means to control disease might be worth exploring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas syringae naturally lacking the canonical type III secretion system are ubiquitous in nonagricultural habitats, are phylogenetically diverse and can be pathogenic

et al. 2012

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The type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence factor of pathogenic bacteria, but the natural occurrence of variants of bacterial plant pathogens with deficiencies in their T3SS raises questions about the significance of the T3SS for fitness. Previous work on T3SS-deficient plant pathogenic bacteria has focused on strains from plants or plant debris. Here we have characterized T3SS-deficient strains of Pseudomonas syringae from plant and nonplant substrates in pristine nonagricultural contexts, many of which represent recently described clades not yet found associated with crop plants. Strains incapable of inducing a hypersensitive reaction (HR À ) in tobacco were detected in 65% of 126 samples from headwaters of rivers (mountain creeks and lakes), snowpack, epilithic biofilms, wild plants and leaf litter and constituted 2 to 100% of the P. syringae population associated with each sample. All HR À strains lacked at least one gene in the canonical hrp/hrc locus or the associated conserved effector locus, but most lacked all six of the genes tested (hrcC, hrpL, hrpK1, avrE1 and hrpW1) and represented several disparate phylogenetic clades. Although most HR À strains were incapable of causing symptoms on cantaloupe seedlings as expected, strains in the recently described TA-002 clade caused severe symptoms in spite of the absence of any of the six conserved genes of the canonical T3SS according to PCR and Southern blot assays. The phylogenetic context of the T3SS variants we observed provides insight into the evolutionary history of P. syringae as a pathogen and as an environmental saprophyte.

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Competitive exclusion in poultry––30 years of research

Cited by 152 publications

References 89 publications

Influence of different prebiotics and mode of their administration on broiler chicken performance

Influence of different prebiotics and mode of their administration on broiler chicken performance

Effects of supplementation of multi-enzyme and multi-species probiotic on production performance, egg quality, cholesterol level and immune system in laying hens

Pseudomonas syringae naturally lacking the canonical type III secretion system are ubiquitous in nonagricultural habitats, are phylogenetically diverse and can be pathogenic

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