“…This paper is related to the growing literature relating attitudes towards competition to gender differences in labor market outcomes (e.g., Zhang, 2013;Buser, Niederle, and Oosterbeek, 2014;Flory, Leibbrandt, and List, 2014;Berge et al, 2015;Kamas and Preston, 2015;Reuben, Wiswall, and Zafar, 2015) and more generally with studies linking traits measured in laboratory settings with actual behavior in the field (e.g., Karlan, 2005;Ashraf, Karlan, and Yin, 2006;Benz and Meier, 2008;Fehr and Leibbrandt, 2011). These studies establish the external validity of the taste for competition traits measured developed by Niederle and Vesterlund (2007), but more importantly, they demonstrate that relevance of taste for competition as a determinant of labor market outcomes.…”