Competitive interaction and economic injury level of Urochloa plantaginea in corn hybrids

Abstract

Identifying the competitive ability of corn hybrids and the economic injury level (EIL) caused by Urochloa plantaginea is important for the adoption of integrated management of this weed. This work aims to evaluate the interference and EIL of U. plantaginea infesting corn hybrids. Treatments included the corn hybrids Syngenta Status VIP3, Syngenta SX8394 VIP3, Pioneer P1630H, Pioneer 30F53 YH, and Dow 135021, as well as 12 densities of U. plantaginea for each hybrid. We used a rectangular hyperbolic model to describe the relationship between corn grain productivity loss and the explanatory variables — plant density (PD), dry mass (DM) of the aerial parts, ground cover (GC), and leaf area (LA). EIL was determined using grain productivity, control cost, corn price, and herbicide efficacy. The rectangular hyperbolic model provides a satisfactory estimate of grain productivity loss regarding the interference of U. plantaginea in corn culture. The hybrids Pioneer 30F53 YH and Pioneer P1630H presented better competitiveness and higher EIL. Sowing the hybrids Pioneer P1630H, Pioneer 30F53 YH, and Dow 135021 increased EIL, justifying the adoption of control measures for U. plantaginea at higher densities.

Relative Competitiveness Between Maize Hybrids and Wild Poinsettia

“…In addition to the loss of control efficiency by herbicides to which the weed has resistance (HEAP, 2020), the coexistence of this weed with maize can cause serious losses due to its high competitiveness, as shown in the present study. This work confirms the results found by Vazin (2012), Wandscheer et al (2014), Frandoloso et al (2019; Galon et al (2019) and Galon et al (2021) when they denote that competition occurred between corn grown in the presence of slender amaranth, sudangrass, plantain alexandergrass, crabgrass and morningglory, respectively. Research has reported that species belonging to botanical families, with similar or different characteristics, have similarities in the demand for resources in the environment; cultivated sorghum x Sorghum halepense (HOFFMAN; BUHLER, 2002), rice x redrice (FLECK et al, 2008), maize x crabgrass and morningglory (GALON et al, 2021), maize x plantain alexandergrass (FRANDOLOSO et al, 2019;GALON et al, 2019), maize x sudangrass (WANDSCHEER; RIZZARDI; REICHERT, 2013), rice and soybean x crabgrass (AGOSTINETTO et al, 2013) and soybean x radish (BIANCHI; FLECK; LAMEGO, 2006).…”

“…This work confirms the results found by Vazin (2012), Wandscheer et al (2014), Frandoloso et al (2019; Galon et al (2019) and Galon et al (2021) when they denote that competition occurred between corn grown in the presence of slender amaranth, sudangrass, plantain alexandergrass, crabgrass and morningglory, respectively. Research has reported that species belonging to botanical families, with similar or different characteristics, have similarities in the demand for resources in the environment; cultivated sorghum x Sorghum halepense (HOFFMAN; BUHLER, 2002), rice x redrice (FLECK et al, 2008), maize x crabgrass and morningglory (GALON et al, 2021), maize x plantain alexandergrass (FRANDOLOSO et al, 2019;GALON et al, 2019), maize x sudangrass (WANDSCHEER; RIZZARDI; REICHERT, 2013), rice and soybean x crabgrass (AGOSTINETTO et al, 2013) and soybean x radish (BIANCHI; FLECK; LAMEGO, 2006). The knowledge of dynamics and competitiveness between plants, especially maize and wild poinsettia, becomes important for the decision to control the weed in a certain population that will not cause negative interference on the crop.…”

“…Weeds compete with maize for water, light, and nutrients, making it difficult to manage crops, pests, and diseases, or they may even release allelopathic substances that interfere with the growth and development of the crop (MORAES et al, 2013;FRANDOLOSO et al, 2019;GALON et al, 2021). Losses caused by weeds can reduce maize production by up to 70% and reduce the quality of the product if no management is adopted to control these species (MORAES et al, 2013;FARIA;BARROS;TUFFI SANTOS, 2014;GALON et al, 2019).…”

Interference and Economic Threshold Level of Transgenic Volunteer Soybean Plants in Maize Crop

“…However, when volunteer plants occur at lower densities, adopting measures to control them becomes difficult, as farmers need to quantify the economic benefits associated with the control cost (Galon et al, 2019). Thus, it is necessary to implement management strategies that integrate technical knowledge and economic analysis with the competitive relationship between crops and weeds (Westwood et al, 2018).…”

Competitive ability of canola (Brassica napus var. oleifera) hybrids with black oat (Avena strigosa) in a subtropical environment

“…Thus, it is an excellent alternative to manage weeds when cultivated in succession to summer crops, such as maize, soybean, and common bean (18,32). Furthermore, there is strong evidence of differences in competitive ability among both varieties of the same crop and among distinct genotypes of wild species (3,19).…”