Competitive learning modulates memory consolidation during sleep

Antony, James W.; Cheng, Larry Y.; Brooks, Paula P.; Paller, Ken A.; Norman, Kenneth A.

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.08.007

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Our findings did not provide consistent support for this hypothesis. Although this null result might be seen as a challenge to consolidation theories, it is important to note that several studies have demonstrated that sleep-dependent consolidation can reorganize information in memory (e.g., Antony et al, 2018;Liu & Ranganath, 2019;Petzka et al, 2021;Saletin et al, 2011;Schapiro et al, 2017). For example, Liu and Ranganath (2019) found that sleep-dependent memory consolidation was necessary for temporally distant, semantically related pictures of objects to exhibit retrieval facilitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Narratives bridge the divide between distant events in episodic memory

et al. 2021

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Many studies suggest that information about past experience, or episodic memory, is divided into discrete units called “events.” Yet we can often remember experiences that span multiple events. Events that occur in close succession might simply be linked because of their proximity to one another, but we can also build links between events that occur farther apart in time. Intuitively, some kind of organizing principle should enable temporally distant events to become bridged in memory. We tested the hypothesis that episodic memory exhibits a narrative-level organization, enabling temporally distant events to be better remembered if they form a coherent narrative. Furthermore, we tested whether post-encoding memory consolidation is necessary to integrate temporally distant events. In three experiments, participants learned and subsequently recalled events from fictional stories, in which pairs of temporally distant events involving side characters (“sideplots”) either formed one coherent narrative or two unrelated narratives. Across participants, we varied whether recall was assessed immediately after learning, or after a delay: 24 hours, 12 hours between morning and evening (“wake”), or 12 hours between evening and morning (“sleep”). Participants recalled more information about coherent than unrelated narrative events, in most delay conditions, including immediate recall and wake conditions, suggesting that post-encoding consolidation was not necessary to integrate temporally distant events into a larger narrative. Furthermore, post hoc modeling across experiments suggested that narrative coherence facilitated recall over and above any effects of sentence-level semantic similarity. This reliable memory benefit for coherent narrative events supports theoretical accounts which propose that narratives provide a high-level architecture for episodic memory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Narratives bridge the divide between distant events in episodic memory

et al. 2021

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“…That is, memory storage may normally involve competition, such that enhanced storage of some information would be expected to have repercussions (Norman, Newman, & Detre, 2007; Paller et al, 2020). In this regard, TMR research has begun to examine how competing memories interact during sleep (Antony, Cheng et al, 2018; Oyarzún et al, 2017), with evidence showing that competition may weaken memories that are tightly interrelated with cued information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies can inform our current understanding of what domains of learning are especially amenable to benefit from sleep reactivation. In addition, certain experimental factors may influence the effectiveness of TMR, including sleep stage when sensory cues are presented (SWS vs. REM, Lehmann, Schreiner, Seifritz, & Rasch, 2016; Rasch, Büchel, Gais, & Born, 2007; Stage NREM 2 sleep, N2 vs. REM, Laventure et al, 2016; Sterpenich et al, 2014; N2 vs. SWS, Belal et al, 2018), memory strength prior to sleep (Cairney, Lindsay, Sobczak, Paller, & Gaskell, 2016; Creery, Oudiette, Antony, & Paller, 2015), amount of prior knowledge (Groch, Schreiner, Rasch, Huber, & Wilhelm, 2017), and degree of competition between memories (Antony, Cheng, Brooks, Paller, & Norman, 2018; Oyarzún, Morís, Luque, de Diego-Balaguer, & Fuentemilla, 2017). Review articles by Oudiette and Paller (2013), Schouten, Pereira, Tops, and Louzada (2017); Cellini and Capuozzo (2018), and Paller et al (2020) have aptly summarized the breadth of topics investigated using the procedure, yet no quantitative summary of experimental effects exists.…”

Section: A Quantitative Assessment Of Tmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting memory consolidation during sleep: A meta-analysis of targeted memory reactivation.

Hu¹,

Cheng²,

Chiu³

et al. 2020

Psychological Bulletin

Self Cite

196

165

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Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) is a methodology employed to manipulate memory processing during sleep. TMR studies have great potential to advance understanding of sleep-based memory consolidation and corresponding neural mechanisms. Research making use of TMR has developed rapidly, with over 70 articles published in the last decade, yet no quantitative analysis exists to evaluate the overall effects. Here we present the first meta-analysis of sleep TMR, compiled from 91 experiments with 212 effect sizes (N ϭ 2,004). Based on multilevel modeling, overall sleep TMR was highly effective (Hedges' g ϭ 0.29, 95% CI [0.21, 0.38]), with a significant effect for two stages of non-rapid-eyemovement (NREM) sleep (Stage NREM 2: Hedges' g ϭ 0.32, 95% CI [0.04, 0.60]; and slow-wave sleep: Hedges' g ϭ 0.27, 95% CI [0.20, 0.35]). In contrast, TMR was not effective during REM sleep nor during wakefulness in the present analyses. Several analysis strategies were used to address the potential relevance of publication bias. Additional analyses showed that TMR improved memory across multiple domains, including declarative memory and skill acquisition. Given that TMR can reinforce many types of memory, it could be useful for various educational and clinical applications. Overall, the present meta-analysis provides substantial support for the notion that TMR can influence memory storage during NREM sleep, and that this method can be useful for understanding neurocognitive mechanisms of memory consolidation. Public Significance StatementSensory cues can be used to reactivate associated memories during sleep and thus promote memory consolidation. This meta-analysis shows that targeted memory reactivation during sleep can improve memory performance with a small to moderate effect, and that this effect is most clearly evident when memories are reactivated during Stages 2 and 3 of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep.

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“…While this may be taken as a challenge to consolidation theories, it is important to note that several studies have demonstrated that some form of sleep-dependent consolidation can enhance memory (e.g. Antony et al, 2018;Liu & Ranganath, 2019;Saletin et al, 2011;Schapiro et al, 2017). For example, Liu and Ranganath (2019) found that sleep-dependent memory consolidation was necessary for temporally-distant, semantically related pictures of objects to exhibit retrieval facilitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narratives bridge the divide between distant events in episodic memory

Cohn‐Sheehy¹,

Delarazan²,

Crivelli-Decker³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Many studies suggest that information about past experience, or episodic memory, is divided into discrete units called “events.” Paradoxically, we can often remember experiences that span multiple events. Events that occur in close succession might simply be bridged because of their proximity to one another, but many events occur farther apart in time. Intuitively, some kind of organizing principle should enable these temporally-distant events to become bridged in memory. We tested the hypothesis that episodic memory exhibits a narrative-level organization, enabling temporally-distant events to be better remembered if they form a coherent narrative. Furthermore, we tested whether a post-encoding consolidation process is necessary to integrate temporally-distant events. Participants learned and subsequently recalled events from fictional stories, in which pairs of temporally-distant events involving side-characters (“sideplots”) either formed one coherent narrative or two unrelated narratives. In three experiments, participants were cued to recall the stories either immediately, after a 24-hour delay, or after a 12-hour delay which elapsed during daytime (“wake”) versus nighttime (“sleep”). Participants recalled more information about coherent than unrelated narrative events, in most delay conditions, and the delay and sleep manipulations indicated that post-encoding consolidation was not necessary to integrate temporally-distant narrative events. Post-hoc modeling across experiments suggested that sentence-level semantic similarity could not solely account for the coherence benefit. This reliable memory benefit for coherent narrative events supports theoretical accounts which propose that higher-order semantic structures scaffold episodic memory.

show abstract

Competitive learning modulates memory consolidation during sleep

Cited by 32 publications

References 50 publications

Narratives bridge the divide between distant events in episodic memory

Narratives bridge the divide between distant events in episodic memory

Promoting memory consolidation during sleep: A meta-analysis of targeted memory reactivation.

Narratives bridge the divide between distant events in episodic memory

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