Competitive lipase-catalyzed ester hydrolysis and ammoniolysis in organic solvents; equilibrium model of a solid-liquid-vapor system

Litjens, Mike J. J.; Sha, Mei; Straathof, Adrie J. J.; Jongejan, Jaap A.; Heijnen, Joseph J.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19991105)65:3<347::aid-bit13>3.0.co;2-9

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Lipases (triacyl glycerol hydrolases, E.C. 3.1.1.3) are used to breakdown fats, triglycerides, and can be used for esterification and transesterification in organic solvents,3–20 in supercritical fluids21–31 and solvent free condition 32–34. Lipase are more stable at higher pressures,35 some studies have shown surfactant‐coated lipase,3 lipase encapsulated in silica aerogels4, 5 and lipase encapsulated in microemulsion‐based organogels give better activity and, therefore, can be used more effectively for esterification and transesterification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinetics of esterification to butyl isobutyrate6 was reported in heptane ignoring the kinetics of hydrolysis. Some studies have reported the integrated liquid–vapor32 and solid–liquid–vapor33 system for synthesis. Santos et al 7 used factorial design to optimize the lipase catalyzed synthesis of butyl butyrate in heptane, while Lozano et al 9 studied the continuous synthesis of butyl butyrate using an active membrane coated with lipase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and application of triglyceride‐based polymers and composites

Khot

LaScala

Can

et al. 2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

607

505

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Micromechanical deformation processes responsible for toughening mechanisms in ultrafine monospherical inorganic particle-filled polyethylene were investigated in situ by a field-emission gun-environmental scanning electron microscope (FEG-ESEM) with low-voltage techniques. In general, the ultimate properties of polymer composites are largely dependent on the degree of dispersion of filler particles into the matrix. Very often, the agglomeration is one of inevitable occurrences in polymer composites, mixed with ultrafine filler particles. In the present work, the effects of agglomerates, consisting of ultrafine monospherical filler particles, were reexamined in polymer composites on the toughening mechanism. The results show that the dominant micromechanical deformation processes are the multiple debonding processes inside agglomerates, in which the ratio of the matrix strand and the size of agglomerate plays a great role of matrix yielding. In the specimen, where the agglomerates are isolated in the matrix, deformation begins at the equatorial region of agglomerates and propagates through them. However, in the case of closely placed agglomerates, deformation occurs homogeneously within the whole area inside the agglomerates. In both cases, in conjunction with the multiple debonding processes, the major part of energy during the deformation dissipates through the shear-flow processes of the matrix material. In particular, the micromechanical deformation processes observed in this work confirm that the agglomerates do not always have negative effects on the mechanical properties-at least, in the shear deformable semicrystalline polymer matrices. The agglomerates may be effectively used for the improvement of toughness. Furthermore, the FEG-ESEM with low-voltage techniques offers an extremely promising and efficient alternative method to study the morphology as well as in situ micromechanical deformation processes in nonconducting polymer systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of triglyceride‐based polymers and composites

Khot

LaScala

Can

et al. 2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

607

505

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“…Direct or one step aminolysis of vegetable oils is not common, though it can be performed in presence of biocatalysts [21][22][23] or microwave irradiation in combination with homogeneous catalyst. 24 One step method may be advantageous over conventional method as it would generate fewer by-products and required less purification steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aminolysis of triglycerides using nanocrystalline nickel doped CaO as an efficient solid catalyst

2016

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Present manuscript reports the preparation of Ni doped CaO in nanocrystalline form, using wet chemical method, and investigation of their catalytic activity towards aminolysis of variety of triglycerides with diethanolamine. The powder XRD study suggested the formation of a solid solution of NiO in CaO as long as nickel content in catalyst remain ≤ 5 wt%. Transmission electron microscopy study supported the formation of Ni/CaO particles in the form of nanorods at 650 °C calcination temperature. Catalyst activity was found to be a function of basic strength which in turn depends upon the catalyst calcination temperature. Catalyst prepared by 0.5 wt% Ni doping in CaO at 650 °C was found to complete the aminolysis (> 99% amide yield) of waste cottonseed oil within 0.5 and 3.0 h at 110°C and room temperature (35 °C), respectively. The catalyst was easily recovered from the reaction mixture by simple filtration and reused during seven consecutive reaction cycles without significant loss in activity. The (pseudo) first order rate constant and activation energy for the reaction was observed 0.15 min -1 and 52.7 kJ mol -1 , respectively.

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“…Aminolysis of fatty acid methyl esters normally involves two steps reaction process. Direct aminolysis of triglycerides (vegetable oils), though uncommon reaction which yields amide surfactant, generally performed using enzymes [23][24][25] or microwave irradiation in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst [26]. The reaction product contains fewer by-products and less purification steps than the usual methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%