Competitive swimmers with hypermobility have strength and fatigue deficits in shoulder medial rotation

Liaghat, Behnam; Juul-Kristensen, Birgit; Frydendal, Thomas; Larsen, Camilla Marie; Søgaard, Karen; Salo, Aki

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.01.003

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, the results of Akimbo Countermovement Jump did not confirm this tendency. These results were unlike that found by Liaghat et al [ 46 ], who observed lower peak torque at 60°/s angular velocity, representing strength deficit in young competitive swimmers with GJH.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Only the value of strength during flexion at 180°/s and extension at 60°/s and 180°/s angular velocity was significantly lower for men with GJH. Liaghat et al [ 46 ] claimed that higher velocities such as 180°/s have been defined as corresponding to muscle power (the ability to generate as much force and as fast as possible) and under 120°/s as corresponding to strength (the amount of force muscles can exert against an external load) [ 46 ]. Our study showed that it was possible that men with GJH had greater problems with muscle power than with muscle strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle strength, muscle power and body composition in college-aged young women and men with Generalized Joint Hypermobility

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was an evaluation of the musculoskeletal system in women and men with Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH). The study included 87 participants– 40 with Generalized Joint Hypermobility (aged 21.2 ±1.8 years) and 47 (aged 21.0 ±1.3 years) in the control group (CG). The study included the Beighton score, the measurements of body composition, muscle flexibility (Straight Leg Raise test, Popliteal Angle test, Modified Thomas Test), and the measurements of muscle strength and muscle power. T-test and Mann-Whitney U Test were applied to assess the differences between independent groups. The study showed that there were no significant differences (p>.05) in the assessed body composition and the muscle flexibility between both women and men with GJH and the participants in the CG. Under isokinetic conditions for the non-dominant lower extremity, men from the CG received significantly higher (p = .02) flexion peak torque at 180°/s angular velocity. Women from the CG received a statistically significantly lower (p = .04) F/E ratio at 180°/s velocity. Under isometric conditions for both women and men with GJH, there were no statistically significant differences (p>.05) in the maximum torques in knee extension and flexion compared to the CG. For women and men with GJH, the maximum power in the lower extremities and jumping ability were not significantly different (p>.05) compared to the CG participants. The body composition, muscle flexibility, muscle strength, and muscle power of adults with Generalized Joint Hypermobility did not differ compared to healthy participants. The fact that there are no differences does not exclude the efficacy of strength training in increasing levels of muscle strength and its impact on body posture and proprioception or coordination.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle strength, muscle power and body composition in college-aged young women and men with Generalized Joint Hypermobility

et al. 2020

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“…The raw EMG was filtered by a Butterworth filter with low and high pass cut-offs of 1,000 and 0.016 Hz, respectively. The raw EMG was stored in the computer for digital processing offline ( 38 ). The EMG add-on component of the Brain Vision Analyzer software was used to analyze EMG data offline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Movement-Related Cortical Potentials and Event-Related Desynchronization to Study Movement Preparation and Execution

Huang

Lin

et al. 2018

Front. Neurol.

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This study applied a comprehensive electroencephalography (EEG) analysis for movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) in order to understand movement-related brain activity changes during movement preparation and execution stage of unilateral wrist extension. Thirty-four healthy subjects completed two event-related potential tests in the same sequence. Unilateral wrist extension was involved in both tests as the movement task. Instruction Response Movement (IRM) was a brisk movement response task with visual “go” signal, while Cued Instruction Response Movement (CIRM) added a visual cue contenting the direction information to create a prolonged motor preparation stage. Recorded EEG data were segmented and averaged to show time domain changes and then transformed into time-frequency mapping to show the time-frequency changes. All components were calculated and compared among C3, Cz, and C4 locations. The motor potential appeared bilaterally in both tests' movement execution stages, and Cz had the largest peak value among the investigated locations (p < 0.01). In CIRM, a contingent negative variation (CNV) component presented bilaterally during the movement preparation stage with the largest amplitude at Cz. ERD of the mu rhythm (mu ERD) presented bilateral sensorimotor cortices during movement execution stages in both tests and was the smallest at Cz among the investigated locations. In the movement preparation stage of CIRM, mu ERD presented mainly in the contralateral sensory motor cortex area (C3 and C4 for right and left wrist movements, respectively) and showed significant differences between different locations. EEG changes in the time and time-frequency domains showed different topographical features. Movement execution was controlled bilaterally, while movement preparation was controlled mainly by contralateral sensorimotor cortices. Mu ERD was found to have stronger contra-lateralization features in the movement preparation stage and might be a better indicator for detecting movement intentions. This information could be helpful and might provide comprehensive information for studying movement disorders (such as those in post-stroke hemiplegic patients) or for facilitating the development of neuro-rehabilitation engineering technology such as brain computer interface.

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“…Approximately 80% of people with GJH experience shoulder symptoms [ 4 – 6 ], and most display strength deficits, altered muscle activity [ 4 , 7 ], instability due to repeated episodes of joint subluxations, functional deficits, and chronic pain [ 8 – 10 ]. GJH with such symptoms has recently been classified as hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy shoulder strengthening exercise in people with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) and long-lasting shoulder symptoms: a feasibility study

Liaghat

Skou

Jørgensen

et al. 2020

Pilot Feasibility Stud

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Background: People with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) are in great risk of experiencing shoulder symptoms, but evidence for treatment is sparse. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the feasibility of 16-week shoulder strengthening programme for improving shoulder strength and function in people with HSD and shoulder symptoms for more than 3 months to inform a future randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods: Twelve participants (11 females, 39.3 ± 13.9 years) with HSD and shoulder instability and/or pain for more than 3 months underwent a 16-week heavy shoulder strengthening exercise programme three times weekly using exercises targeting scapular and rotator cuff muscles. Primary outcomes were pre-defined research progression criteria including recruitment rate (acceptable, 6 participants/month), assessment duration (acceptable: < 120 min), participant retention (acceptable: > 80% complete intervention), training adherence (acceptable: > 75% adhere to > 36 training sessions) and adverse events (acceptable: minor events with no participants discontinuing the study), besides participant and physiotherapist feedback. Secondary treatment outcomes were assessed using the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI, 0-2100 better to worse), self-reported pain, kinesiophobia and fatigue, isometric shoulder strength, besides clinical tests for instability, hypermobility, laxity, and proprioception. Results: Recruitment rate was 5.6/month, assessment duration (mean ± SD) 105 ± 9 min, retention 100%, adherence 83%, and four participants experienced short-lasting soreness or pain. Participant feedback was positive, and physiotherapists found the intervention relevant and applicable to the population. The WOSI total score showed an improvement by 51% (mean ± SD, points: baseline 1037 ± 215; Follow up 509 ± 365; mean change (95% CI), − 528 (− 738, − 318)), and participants reported reduced pain, kinesiophobia and fatigue. Shoulder strength measurements improved by 28-31% (mean change (95% CI), Nm/kg: scaption 0.51 (0.23, 0.78); internal rotation 1.32 (0.70, 1.95) and external rotation 0.89 (0.37, 1.40)), and clinical tests indicated decreased shoulder laxity/ instability.

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Competitive swimmers with hypermobility have strength and fatigue deficits in shoulder medial rotation

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Muscle strength, muscle power and body composition in college-aged young women and men with Generalized Joint Hypermobility

Muscle strength, muscle power and body composition in college-aged young women and men with Generalized Joint Hypermobility

Combining Movement-Related Cortical Potentials and Event-Related Desynchronization to Study Movement Preparation and Execution

Heavy shoulder strengthening exercise in people with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) and long-lasting shoulder symptoms: a feasibility study

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