Competitiveness, role, and impact of microalgal biodiesel in the global energy future

Takeshita, Takayuki

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.02.009

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Thus while optimisation frameworks are valuable for identifying feasible and cost-effective pathways that reach particular objectives at the system level, they do not suggest how exactly to achieve them from a policy standpoint, because they do not specifically model decision making by diverse agents. Strong coordination is difficult 5 For instance those based on the MARKAL/TIMES/TIAM family of models (IEA/ETSAP, 2012, Seebregts et al, 2001, some variants of the MESSAGE model from IIASA (Messner and Strubegger, 1995), the AIM model from NIES in Japan (NIES, 2012), REDGEM70 (Takeshita, 2011(Takeshita, , 2012, DNE21+ (RITE, 2012) and many more.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of technology diffusion and the impacts of climate policy instruments in the decarbonisation of the global electricity sector

et al. 2014

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This paper presents an analysis of climate policy instruments for the decarbonisation of the global electricity sector in a non-equilibrium economic and technology diffusion perspective. Energy markets are driven by innovation, pathdependent technology choices and diffusion. However, conventional optimisation models lack detail on these aspects and have limited ability to address the effectiveness of policy interventions because they do not represent decision-making. As a result, known effects of technology lock-ins are liable to be underestimated. In contrast, our approach places investor decision-making at the core of the analysis and investigates how it drives the diffusion of low-carbon technology in a highly disaggregated, hybrid, global macroeconometric model, FTT:Power-E3MG. Ten scenarios to 2050 of the electricity sector in 21 regions exploring combinations of electricity policy instruments are analysed, including their climate impacts. We show that in a diffusion and path-dependent perspective, the impact of combinations of policies does not correspond to the sum of impacts of individual instruments: synergies exist between policy tools. We argue that the carbon price required to break the current fossil technology lock-in can be much lower when combined with other policies, and that a 90% decarbonisation of the electricity sector by 2050 is affordable without early scrapping.

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Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of technology diffusion and the impacts of climate policy instruments in the decarbonisation of the global electricity sector

et al. 2014

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“…Depending on the technology used to synthesise the final product from CO 2 , the process is more or less sensitive to impurities in the CO 2 stream, for instance, ranging from formic acid synthesis to mineralisation, which may have significant cost implication. Algae production is an example of an emerging technology for biofuel synthesis, with a probable relevant contribution [21,22]. CCU is attracting attention of policy makers as an alternative to (i) motivate local economies, (ii) arrange CO 2 after capture and (iii) potentially decrease CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol synthesis using captured CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental assessment

et al. 2016

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h i g h l i g h t sA carbon utilisation plant that synthesise methanol is simulated in CHEMCAD. The total amount of CO 2 demand is 1.46 t/t methanol . The CO 2 not-produced compared to a conventional plant is 0.54 t/t methanol . Production costs results too high for a financially attractive project. There is a net potential for CO 2 emissions reduction of 2.71 MtCO 2 /yr in Europe. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t a b s t r a c t The purpose of this paper is to assess via techno-economic and environmental metrics the production of methanol (MeOH) using H 2 and captured CO 2 as raw materials. It evaluates the potential of this type of carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) plant on (i) the net reduction of CO 2 emissions and (ii) the cost of production, in comparison with the conventional synthesis process of MeOH Europe. Process flow modelling is used to estimate the operational performance and the total purchased equipment cost; the flowsheet is implemented in CHEMCAD, and the obtained mass and energy flows are utilised as input to calculate the selected key performance indicators (KPIs). CO 2 -based metrics are used to assess the environmental impact. The evaluated MeOH plant produces 440 ktMeOH/yr, and its configuration is the result of a heat integration process. Its specific capital cost is lower than for conventional plants. However, raw materials prices, i.e. H 2 and captured CO 2 , do not allow such a project to be financially viable. In order to make the CCU plant financially attractive, the price of MeOH should increase in a factor of almost 2, or H 2 costs should decrease almost 2.5 times, or CO 2 should have a value of around 222 €/t, under the assumptions of this work. The MeOH CCU-plant studied can utilise about 21.5% of the CO 2 emissions of a pulverised coal (PC) power plant that produces 550 MW net of electricity. The net CO 2 emissions savings represent 8% of the emissions of the PC plant (mainly due to the avoidance of consuming fossil fuels as in the conventional MeOH synthesis process). The results demonstrate that there is a net but small potential for CO 2 emissions reduction; assuming that such CCU plants are constructed in http://dx.Europe to meet the MeOH demand growth and the quantities that are currently imported, the net CO 2 emissions reduction could be of 2.71 MtCO 2 /yr.

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“…However, as growth and maturation of plants are directed by environmental factors, yields normally vary (Takeshita, 2011). This limits the use of plants for large-scale production of biofuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant Production of Lipids and Carotenoids in Rhodosporidium toruloides under Osmotic Stress Using Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2016

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As a replacement to existing fossil fuels, biofuels, have proven their worth; however, their widespread use is limited due to inconsistent yields, higher costs and poor productivity. An oleaginous yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides has been reported to accumulate substantial amounts of lipids (that can be converted to biofuels) and therefore, it was selected for study and optimization. Apart from lipids, R. toruloides is also reported to produce carotene that can be used as a therapeutic agent. In this study, the culture medium was statistically modeled and optimized for concomitant production of lipids and carotenoids and for improving and maximizing the productivity of lipids as well as carotenes. The two metabolites were expressed differentially in the growth cycle of the organism. Culture medium components were simultaneously varied at five different levels using statistical modeling employing response surface methodology (RSM). Osmotic stress was introduced in order to simulate saline conditions and optimize the carotenoid as well as lipid production process, to be used in conditions with high salt contents. We observed a 10% (w/v) increase in carotenoid production in initial experiments under osmotic stress due to high salt concentration, while the increase in lipid synthesis was not pronounced. In this study, we demonstrate 36.2% (w/v) lipid production and 27.2% (w/v) carotenoid production, under osmotic stress with high salt concentrations, for the first time.

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Competitiveness, role, and impact of microalgal biodiesel in the global energy future

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

The dynamics of technology diffusion and the impacts of climate policy instruments in the decarbonisation of the global electricity sector

The dynamics of technology diffusion and the impacts of climate policy instruments in the decarbonisation of the global electricity sector

Methanol synthesis using captured CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental assessment

Concomitant Production of Lipids and Carotenoids in Rhodosporidium toruloides under Osmotic Stress Using Response Surface Methodology

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