Competitividad Empresarial en Costa Rica: un enfoque multidimensional

Abstract

Este artículo evalúa la eficiencia competitiva de sesenta y siete pequeñas y medianas empresas costarricenses para el 2017. A partir de las bases teóricas del Enfoque Basado ​​en Recursos, se aborda metodológicamente la medición de la competitividad empresarial del grupo de empresas en estudio a través de un índice compuesto por diez pilares, según lo propuesto por Lafuente, Leiva, Moreno y Szerb (2019b). Estos pilares se encuentran interconectados y configuran la competitividad empresarial de las pymes. Para estimar su eficiencia, se realiza un modelo de análisis envolvente de datos (DEA por sus siglas en inglés), con especificación de un input y un output. Los resultados de la investigación indican que las empresas agrupadas en los sectores de manufactura y servicios muestran los índices de competitividad y eficiencia mayores, lo que es explicado por los pilares de innovación de productos y redes de negocios; mientras que los pilares menos priorizados son internacionalización, mercado interno y recursos humanos. Se concluye que el índice de competitividad es una herramienta que favorecería la toma de decisiones empresariales, pues contribuiría con en el diseño de estrategias empresariales orientadas hacia una configuración más homogénea en la asignación de recursos y capacidades.

Measuring competitiveness through the global competitiveness project framework: the Brazilian experience

“…However, the literature emphasizes that there are still many open questions in the competitiveness arena such as competitiveness stimulating factors, practical approaches to reach competitiveness, including ways of measurement (Olczyk, 2016; Alonso and Leiva, 2019) and this situation may drive managers to prioritize short-terms versus long-term profits and objectives (Lafuente et al , 2016). Measuring competitiveness requires a comprehensive approach, obtained through the estimation of economic factors including intangible and social resources, with a long-term vision, sense of controllability and dynamism (Lafuente et al , 2016; Alonso and Leiva, 2019).…”

“…Trying to fill this gap we use the global competitiveness project (GCP) 10-pillar framework (Lafuente et al , 2016; Alonso and Leiva, 2019; Lafuente et al , 2019), a holistic approach to the identification and analysis of the variables that underpin competitiveness, revealing the level – index – of competitiveness of each pillar or dimension, tested in different countries. The 10 pillars are human capital, product, domestic market, networks, technology, decision-making, competitive strategy, marketing, internationalization and online presence.…”

The effect of online activity on SMEs’ competitiveness

“…To prove the reliability of the data set, it already served as a basis of analysis in the papers of Alonso and Leiva (2019), Dvouletý and Blažkov a (2020), Lafuente et al (2020b), Moreno-G omez andLafuente (2019).…”

“…For the deeper analysis variables are assigned to the data, WebIXbin (binarised version of WebIX), Online Presence Category (categorised version of Online Presence pillar from GCP), Competitiveness Index (calculated competitiveness point) and Competitiveness Index Category (categorised version of Competitiveness Index). SME's overall competitiveness is measured by the Competitiveness Index that is a construct derived from the weighted average of the standardised values of the previously mentioned ten pillars (Figure 1) (Alonso and Leiva, 2019;Lafuente et al, 2020b;Moreno-G omez and Lafuente;.…”

“…This model was also adapted and proved in an international context, such as for the analysis of the relevance of a firm's size and the configuration of competitive pillars in the case of 103 knowledge-intensive business service firms in Colombia, Costa Rica, Hungary and Spain (Lafuente et al, 2020a), for the examination of the SME's competitiveness in Costa Rica (Alonso and Leiva, 2019), and for the evaluation of the competitiveness of family businesses in Colombia (Moreno-G omez and Lafuente, 2019).…”