Compilation of elemental concentration data for NBS clinical, biological, geological, and environmental Standard Reference Materials

Gladney, Ernest S.; O'Malley, B.T.; Roelandts, Iwan; Gills, T.E.

doi:10.6028/nbs.sp.260-111

Cited by 103 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…A compilation and discussion of five different methods used in the certification of coals has been published by NISTaZ6 An exhaustive compilation of data and references on fossil fuels and other SRMs has also been published by NIST. 27 The use of a high-temperature combustion technique for the determination of sulfur in coal has been evaluated by Gladney et a1. 28 The determinations on 10 NBS coals were within 2 standard deviations of the certified values.…”

Section: S/34smentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Sulfur in Fossil Fuels by Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Kelly¹,

Paulsen²,

Murphy³

et al. 1994

Anal. Chem.

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Total sulfur has been measured in 13 petroleum and 14 coal Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry. These materials are suitable as primary and quality control standards for determining the sulfur content of oils and coals by X-ray fluorescence and high-temperature combustion instrumentation. Samples were spiked with enriched stable 3% and combusted in sealed Carius tubes using nitric and hydrochloric acids. The oxidized sulfur was reduced to HzS, precipitated as AsBk and then dissolved in an ammoniacal solution of As2O3. A portion of this solution, equivalent to 1.5 pg of sulfur, was added to a single Re filament coated with silica gel. The amount of sulfur in the samples was determined from the j8/3% ratio by measuring the 75As3%+/75As3%+ molecular ions in a Faraday detector. A total of 158 sulfur procedural blanks covering a 10-year period show an approximate lognormal distribution with a grand mean of 0.26 pg of sulfur. This is a negligible correction for most of the data reported here. The total uncertainty (95% confidence interval) for homogeneous materials such as oils is about 0.5%, and for less homogeneous materials such as coals is 1-496.One of the most important properties of fossil fuels is their sulfur content. Combustion of fossil fuels is the primary source of anthropogenic sulfur compounds released into the atmosphere. Recent estimates suggest that the anthropogenic flux into the atmosphere may be equal to or greater than the natural flux. Electric utilities within the United States burn a large amount of fossil fuel and are responsible for approximately 70% of the SO2 emitted into the atmosphere.' After entering the atmosphere, oxides of sulfur are converted to sulfuric acid and sulfate particles. These particles play an important role in the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere. The radiation budget of the earth is influenced by the fine particles in the atmosphere. Visibility degradation resulting from sulfate aerosols has been of concern particularly in pristine areas such as national parks. Rollback in sulfur emissions from fossil-fueled power plants has been an environmental goal for the last two decades.The accurate determination of the concentration of sulfur in fossil fuels is important for several reasons. The quality and price of both petroleum and coal are related to the amount of sulfur present. There are federal, state, and local regulations This article not subject to US. Copyright. Published 1994 by the American Chemical Society that limit the amount of sulfur oxides that can be emitted during the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric power companies must monitor the emissions from their stacks in order to comply with regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency. These companies also closely monitor the sulfur content of their incoming feedstocks to ascertain the quality, acceptability, and price. The fossil fuel producers and users require fast and inexpensive methods for the determination of sulfur in the rangeof 1-5% ...

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Section: S/34smentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Sulfur in Fossil Fuels by Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Kelly¹,

Paulsen²,

Murphy³

et al. 1994

Anal. Chem.

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“…(7) as the reaction rate A m in Eq. (2). The characteristic c-photon emission rate R c is thus related to the reaction rate A m of the measured nuclide given by Eq.…”

Section: Specific Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its accuracy, the virtual absence of matrix effects and the completely different physical basis when compared to other analytical techniques, make it particularly suitable for the certification of candidate reference materials (RMs), providing e.g. the bulk of the literature data on the standard RMs of the National Institute of Standards and Technology [2] and reference materials of the International Atomic Energy Agency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear reactions and physical models for neutron activation analysis

Trkov

Radulović

2015

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Neutron activation analysis, especially in its k 0 standardization is fairly robust down to the level of accuracy of a few percent, but further improvement is riddled with difficulties, i.e. multiple physical effects having opposite influences and introducing bias and uncertainty in the measured results. It is the aim of this paper to give a comprehensive review of the physical models in k 0 -NAA, by providing exact definitions of the physical quantities, detailing the procedures used for the determination of the physical constants and by discussing the approximations and sources of uncertainty therein. Furthermore, indications are given on how accurately known k 0 -NAA constants can be of value for other applications, namely the measurement and validation of nuclear cross sections.

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“…Details of the experimental conditions are provided in the Appendix. Element concentrations were determined for 31 elements (Table 3) using as comparison standards three replicates of SRM NIST1633A (coal fly ash [12,18]). Determination of Ca used SRM NIST688 (basalt [12]).…”

Section: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (Inaa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Element concentrations were determined for 31 elements (Table 3) using as comparison standards three replicates of SRM NIST1633A (coal fly ash [12,18]). Determination of Ca used SRM NIST688 (basalt [12]). Interlaboratory calibrations, based on the New Ohio Red Clay check standard, indicated that differences in analytic results between labs were not significant.…”

Section: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (Inaa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of bricks and tiles from the 17th-century brick Chapel, St. Mary's City, Maryland

Armitage

Minc

Hill³

et al. 2006

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Compilation of elemental concentration data for NBS clinical, biological, geological, and environmental Standard Reference Materials

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

Determination of Sulfur in Fossil Fuels by Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Determination of Sulfur in Fossil Fuels by Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Nuclear reactions and physical models for neutron activation analysis

Characterization of bricks and tiles from the 17th-century brick Chapel, St. Mary's City, Maryland

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