Complement activation, placental malaria infection, and birth weight in areas characterized by unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan

Alim, Ammar; Bilal, Naser Eldin; Abass, Awad-Elkareem; Elhassan, Elhassan M.; Mohmmed, Ahmed A; Adam, Ishag

doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0275-3

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This suggests that the classical pathway activation, a strict antibody-dependent pathway, might not be affected as the alternative pathway which was low in infected cords. The complement system is a fundamental element of the normal host defence against malaria infection [ 10 ]. A generally low value of this immunity component suggests that cord malaria might result in the disruption of immune responses in the neonates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complement system has been linked to many disease symptoms and complications, including poor pregnancy outcomes [ 10 , 27 , 28 ]. In the current study, serum blood CH 50 was observed to correlate positively with the gestational age and the baby's birth weight in a malaria-infected cord, while in noninfected cords, it was negatively correlated with the baby's birth weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diverse factors are suggested to be responsible. Anaemia related to immune activities are thought to be associated with malaria-related low birth weight [ 5 , 6 , 10 ]. The complement system, an essential part of innate immunity, may play a role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cord Malaria Infection, Complement Activation, Oxidative Stress, Gestational Age, and Birth Weight, Characterized by HighPlasmodium falciparumPrevalence in Bamenda, Cameroon

Mahamat

Ndum

Sumo

et al. 2020

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Background. It is unknown whether the presence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites in umbilical cord blood denotes activation of complement and oxidative stress to affect the duration of pregnancy and birth weight. Methods. In a cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2019 in Bamenda, Cameroon, cord blood samples were collected from 300 women at delivery. Parasitaemia was determined microscopically. Babies’ weight and age of gestation were recorded. Plasma levels of complement and oxidative stress were measured by specific tests. Results. Cord blood malaria prevalence was 21.33%. Babies with an infected cord showed a low birth weight and gestation age than those with uninfected cords. More babies with infected cords had LBW (6.25%) compared to the counterparts (5.50%). The levels of parasitaemia and the babies’ weight showed a weak positive correlation. The prevalence of preterm and postterm birth was 4.33% and 24.33% respectively, with a weak negative correlation between the age of gestation and the umbilical cord parasitaemia. There was correlation between cord parasitaemia and levels of complement haemolytic activity titter (CH50) and specific classical pathway activity (CPA) in cord blood. CH50 and CPA levels, however, were significantly higher in infected cord blood samples, compared with uninfected cord blood samples. CH50 showed a negative correlation with the birth weight and gestational age in infected cord blood samples. The levels of total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant defense were significantly lower in infected cord blood than uninfected. TOS displayed a positive correlation with the density of parasitaemia and a weak negative correlation with the birth weight and gestational age in infected cord blood. Conclusion. Cord blood infection lowers the complement haemolytic titter, oxygen radicals and total antioxidant defense in neonates. This lowering of complement haemolytic titter and oxygen radical compounds in umbilical cord malaria are associated with low birth weight and preterm birth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cord Malaria Infection, Complement Activation, Oxidative Stress, Gestational Age, and Birth Weight, Characterized by HighPlasmodium falciparumPrevalence in Bamenda, Cameroon

Mahamat

Ndum

Sumo

et al. 2020

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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“…In addition to history of malaria (F1), age (F2) is the other significant non-symptom-related factor in clinic diagnosis of malaria. This may be because specific age groups such as women of childbearing age, infants and children under 5 years are highly at risk of malaria due to immunosuppressed conditions [5,27,[50][51][52]. For example, although a high percentage of malaria cases are from children under 5 years, there has been an increase in malaria cases for children between ages 10 and 19.…”

Section: Significant Symptoms and Non-symptom-related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Symptoms and Non-Symptom-Related Factors for Malaria Diagnosis in Endemic Regions of Indonesia

Bria

Yeh

Bedingfield

2020

Preprint

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Background: In rural areas of Indonesia, where parasitological tests are not always available, a knowledge of significant symptoms and non-symptom-related factors is crucial for clinical diagnosis of malaria in order to take appropriate actions for treatment. Malaria diagnosis at early stages can avoid a progression in severity of the conditions and possible transmission of the disease. With insufficient knowledge of significant malaria symptoms and non-symptom-related factors for clinical diagnosis of malaria, medical doctors may presumptively treat febrile patients, which leads to an increase in resistance to antimalarial drugs.Methods: The study involves five stages. First, medical records are collected from patients suffering from malaria and other febrile diseases such as dengue fever, typhoid fever, respiratory tract infection, dyspepsia, pneumonia, common cold and gastritis. The records are obtained from two public hospitals in endemic regions in Indonesia’s East Nusa Tenggara Province, East Sumba and Lembata. Second, interviews with eight Indonesian medical doctors are conducted to understand the symptoms and non-symptom-related factors they use for clinical diagnosis of malaria. Third, symptoms and non-symptom-related factors from 472 collected medical records are selected and ranked using the correlation matrix method. Fourth, the 17 feature sets extracted from the ranked features are used to develop and compare various malaria classifiers using three machine-learning techniques, including logistic regression, support vector machines and k-nearest neighbors. Fifth, the most significant symptoms and non-symptom-related factors are identified for malaria diagnosis using the malaria classifiers developed. In addition, further experiments and comparisons are conducted to examine the performance of malaria classifiers using various feature sets.Results: (a) Out of 17 features identified from medical records, six significant symptoms (duration of fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, heartburn, pain and severe symptoms), and two non-symptom-related factors (history of malaria and age) contribute most to malaria diagnosis. These significant features can be used for malaria diagnosis with an average 85% accuracy. (b) As a symptom, duration of fever is more significant than temperature or fever for distinguishing malaria from other febrile diseases. (c) Trios malaria symptoms (fever, shivering and sweating) are shown to be less significant than other symptoms in endemic regions.Conclusions: The findings of this study can be used to raise the public awareness of significant malaria symptoms and non-symptom-related factors within societies vulnerable to malaria. These findings can also be used for helping unexperienced medical doctors with clinical diagnosis of malaria especially in rural areas, where the availability of parasitological tests is scarce.

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“…This work is an addition to our previous research on malaria and its pathogenesis during pregnancy e.g. placental malaria infiltration 18 , 19 , hormones and cytokines 20 , 21 complement, cytokines and malaria infections 22 , 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and placental malaria infection in an area characterized by unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan

et al. 2015

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Background: The pathogenesis of malaria during pregnancy is not fully understood. A proinflammatory cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is suggested as a factor involved in the pathogenesis of malaria during pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Medani Hospital, Sudan to investigate MIF levels in placental malaria. Obstetrical and medical characteristics were gathered from each parturient woman using questionnaires. All women (151) were investigated for malaria using blood film and placental histology. MIF levels were measured using ELISA in paired maternal and cord blood samples. Results: There were no P. falciparum-positive blood films obtained from maternal peripheral blood, placenta or cord samples. Out of 151 placentae, four (2.6%), one (0.7%), 32 (21.2%) showed acute, chronic and past infection on histopathology examinations respectively, while the rest (114; 75.5%) of them showed no signs of infection.There was no significant difference in the median (interquartile) of maternal [5.0 (3.7─8.8) vs 6.2(3.5─12.0) ng/ml, P=0.643] and cord [8.1(3.3─16.9) vs 8.3(4.2─16.9), ng/ml, P= 0.601] MIF levels between women with a positive result for placental malaria infection (n=37) and women with a negative result for placental malaria infection (n=114). In regression models placental malaria was not associated with maternal MIF, hemoglobin or birth weight. MIF was not associated with hemoglobin or birth weight . Conclusion: There was no association between maternal and cord MIF levels, placental malaria, maternal hemoglobin and birth weight.

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Complement activation, placental malaria infection, and birth weight in areas characterized by unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Cord Malaria Infection, Complement Activation, Oxidative Stress, Gestational Age, and Birth Weight, Characterized by HighPlasmodium falciparumPrevalence in Bamenda, Cameroon

Cord Malaria Infection, Complement Activation, Oxidative Stress, Gestational Age, and Birth Weight, Characterized by HighPlasmodium falciparumPrevalence in Bamenda, Cameroon

Significant Symptoms and Non-Symptom-Related Factors for Malaria Diagnosis in Endemic Regions of Indonesia

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and placental malaria infection in an area characterized by unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan

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