Complement-Fixing Antigens of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2: Reactivity of Capsid, Envelope, and Soluble Antigens

Sera from 231 women were used to examine their frequency of precipitation of various herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) proteins and to determine if there was a rank order of immune responsiveness of humans to these HSV antigens. Radiolabeled viral proteins were reacted with serum and immune complexes isolated with staphylococcal protein A. Individual antigens were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography. As a group, these sera precipitated 31 HSV-1 and 27 HSV-2 proteins. HSV-1 polypeptides with molecular weights of 133,000, 99,000, and 82,000, as well as HSV-2 polypeptides with molecular weights of 131,000 and 101,000, were precipitated by essentially all sera that contained antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2. 880 on July 31, 2020 by guest http://iai.asm.org/ Downloaded from on July 31, 2020 by guest

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Antibody responses in humans to individual proteins of herpes simplex viruses

Gilman¹,

Docherty²,

Rawls³

1981

“…Most people not suffering from recurrent herpes labialis do not show any immune response to the virus (Tables 1 and 2), but as found earlier there are a few exceptions (34,35). Some of these persons may be the asymptomatic virus carriers already described (18,20) or perhaps have had a genitourinary infection with HSV type 2, a virus possessing many antigens in common with the type 1 virus studied (22). A previous report (41) suggested a specific generalized defect of migration inhibition factor production in patients subject to recurrent herpetic infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Some of the antigens synthesized under the direction of viral deoxyribonucleic acid are expressed in the membrane of infected cells, and it is likely that these are more relevant in vivo than the several capsid proteins that were present in our initial viral extracts. There is thus less danger of examining the response to a functionally inappropriate antigen (22,26,39). This technique depends on the release of 5'Cr from damaged target (i.e., amnion) cells after direct interaction with specifically sensitized mononuclear cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-mediated immunity to Herpes simplex in humans: lymphocyte cytotoxicity measured by 51-Cr release from infected cells

Russell¹,

Percy²,

Kovithavongs³

1975

We assessed cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 antigen in patients suffering from recurrent cold sores and in a series of healthy controls. Paradoxically, all those subject to recurrent herpetic infections had, without exception, evidence of cell-mediated immunity to herpes antigens. This was demonstrated by lymphocyte transformation and specific 5"Cr release from infected human amnion cells after incubation with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Where performed, skin tests with herpes antigen were also positive. In addition, serum from these patients specifically sensitized herpesvirus-infected cells to killing by nonimmune, control mononuclear cells. These tests were negative in the control patients except in a few cases, and it is suggested that these latter may be the asymptomatic herpesvirus carriers previously recognized or that they may have experienced a genital infection.

“…Some interesting differences were seen in the homotypic reactivity of HSV subunit antigens (6) and of V-Z virus subunit antigens prepared by the same procedures. In the case of HSV infections, the initial and predominant antibody response has been shown, by both CF (6) and indirect hemagglutination (1), to be to the envelope component; with recurrent HSV infections, human sera showed increasing reactivity INFECT. IMMUN. with the capsid antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CF antibody responses to V-Z subunit antigens prepared by the method ofMartin et al(6) for preparation ofHSV subunit antigens…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement-fixing reactivity of Varicella-Zoster virus subunit antigens with sera from homotypic infections and heterotypic Herpes simplex virus infections

Schmidt¹,

Dennis²,

Lennette³

1977

Various subunit antigens of varicella-zoster (V-Z) virus were examined for complement-fixing (CF) activity with sera from homotypic infections and from herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in which a CF antibody titer rise was demonstrated with crude V-Z antigen. The subunit antigens included nucleocapsids, envelopes, a soluble antigen produced from infected culture fluids by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, a soluble antigen produced by reducing the volume of clarified infected culture fluids, a soluble antigen derived from infected cell lysates, a "viral" antigen consisting largely of enveloped particles with a few nucleocapsids, and a cell membrane-associated antigen. None was more suitable than crude V-Z antigen for serodifferentiation of V-Z virus and HSV infections. The envelope antigen, cell membrane antigen, and the soluble antigen prepared by density gradient centrifugation showed little reactivity with sera from varicella and HSV infections, but gave high antibody titers with sera from zoster infections, suggesting that a secondary V-Z virus infection is required to produce an antibody response to these subunit antigens. Patients with varicella and zoster infections and the selected patients with HSV infections all showed significant CF antibody responses to the other V-Z subunit antigens.It is well established that infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) may elicit heterotypic antibody responses to varicella-zoster (V-Z) virus in individuals who have experienced a previous V-Z virus infection (3,8,9,11). Differential serological diagnosis of HSV and V-Z virus infections may be hampered by these heterotypic antibody responses, which are demonstrable by fluorescent-antibody staining and neutralization tests (8,9) as well as by complement fixation (CF) tests (3,9,11).Martin and Palmer (5) reported that a cellfree soluble CF antigen derived from V-Z virusinfected cell cultures failed to show heterotypic reactivity with sera from HSV patients who showed CF antibody titer rises with crude V-Z antigens, and suggested that such soluble V-Z CF antigens might be useful in the differential serological diagnosis of HSV and V-Z virus infections. The present studies were undertaken to explore further the CF reactivity of subunit antigens of V-Z virus with sera from homotypic infections and from HSV infections, and to assess the usefulness of soluble V-Z antigens for serological differentiation of HSV and V-Z virus infections. MATERIALS AND METHODSPreparations of CF antigens. The Batson strain of V-Z virus (10) and the L 645 strain of human fetal diploid lung (HFDL) cells, established by J. H. Schieble of this laboratory, were used for preparation of V-Z virus antigens. Infected HFDL cells in a 29-oz (ca. 800-ml) culture bottle which showed a 2+ viral cytopathic effect were dispersed with trypsin and used to infect six roller bottle cultures of HFDL cells; these were maintained on Eagle minimal essential medium supplemented with 2% inactivated fetal bovine serum. Cultures were harvested after 4 days of inc...