Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychologic Factors: Toward an Individual Differences Model of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Outcomes

Owens, Justine E.; Taylor, Ann Gill; DeGood, Douglas E.

doi:10.1089/acm.1999.5.529

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…For example, in a study of cancer patients [13], active coping style and religiousness, but not lack of social support or information, were significantly associated with increased use of CAM. Using the Tellgen Absorption Scale (TAS), another study conducted among clinical and community samples [10] found absorption, 1 which is known to be positively correlated with the trait of ''openness to experience'' [14], to be an independent predictor of CAM use. Because most patients make choices about CAM use without guidance from a conventional care provider, their own psychosocial characteristics may play a much greater role in their CAM use than in their conventional medical care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of complementary and alternative medicine among United States adults: the influences of personality, coping strategies, and social support

Honda

Jacobson

2005

Preventive Medicine

176

133

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Background. Although patterns of utilization of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the community have begun to be described, few studies have addressed the relationships between dispositional psychological factors and the use of CAM. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between CAM use and personality, coping strategies, and perceived social support in a representative sample of adults in the United States.Methods. Data were drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States Survey (MIDUS), a representative sample of 3,032 adults aged 25 -74 in the US population. We analyzed use of acupuncture, biofeedback, chiropractic, energy healing, exercise/movement therapy, herbal medicine, high-dose megavitamins, homeopathy, hypnosis, imagery techniques, massage, prayer/spiritual practice, relaxation/ mediation, and special diet within the last year. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of personality, dispositional coping strategies (primary and secondary control), and perceived social support and strain with CAM use, controlling for sociodemographic factors, medical care access, and physical and mental disorders.Results. Openness was positively associated with the use of all types of CAM except manipulative body-based methods. Extroversion was inversely correlated with the use of mind -body therapies. Primary control was inversely and secondary control directly correlated with the use of CAM. Perceived friend support was positively associated with the use of mind -body therapies, manipulative body-based methods, and alternative medical systems. Perceived partner strain was positively associated with the use of biologically based therapies, and family strain increased the odds of manipulative body-based methods.Conclusions. This study is the first to document a significant association between specific domains of personality, coping strategies, and social support, and the use of CAM among adults in the general population. Understanding the relationships between psychological factors and CAM use may help researchers and health care providers to address patients' needs more effectively and to achieve better adherence to treatment recommendations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of complementary and alternative medicine among United States adults: the influences of personality, coping strategies, and social support

Honda

Jacobson

2005

Preventive Medicine

176

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several psychological factors predict the use of CAM [18], including health beliefs [19]. There is evidence that CAM users are higher on trait absorption [20] and on spirituality [21]. The association with absorption is interesting in view of the research, cited above, showing that absorption in a coping strategy (i.e., task specific rather trait absorption) predicts outcome independently of expectancy [11,12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Spirituality predicts outcome independently of expectancy following flower essence self-treatment

Hyland

Geraghty

Joy

et al. 2006

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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“…15 Thus, high Absorption scorers have enhanced self-regulation capacities that might be engaged toward a therapeutic outcome. However, as Tellegen has described, the effects of high Absorption can go in either a positive or negative direction, depending on the situation, and this interaction may be manifest in the complexities of placebo phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quantification of Placebo Effects Within a General Model of Health Care Outcomes

Owens

Menard²

2011

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to test a model of placebo effects in the context of a general model of health care outcomes. Design: The design of this study was a multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Settings: The study was conducted at The University of Washington Hospital, Seattle, Washington, Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center, Camden, New Jersey, and at the Neurology Center of Fairfax, Fairfax, Virginia. Subjects: One hundred and seventeen (117) patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis were enrolled in the study. Intervention: Subjects had daily exposure to a pulsing electromagnetic generator. Outcome measures: The outcome measures were the average score of three quality-of-life indices: the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Pain Effects Scale, and the Spasticity Effects Scale. Results: Placebo responders scored higher in the personality trait of Absorption compared with nonresponders ( p < 0.01). Placebo responders were more confident that the sham device was active compared to placebo nonresponders ( p < 0.009). The two factors of confidence in the treatment and Absorption accurately identified 80% of placebo responders in a discriminant analysis ( p < 0.0004). Conclusions: Placebo effects are best understood when integrated in a general model of health care outcomes.

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Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychologic Factors: Toward an Individual Differences Model of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Outcomes

Abstract: Above average use of CAM is associated with higher education, greater well-being and higher Absorption. The personality traits associated with alternative therapies are compatible with participation in these therapies and may facilitate the capacity to benefit from them.

Cited by 53 publications

References 55 publications

Use of complementary and alternative medicine among United States adults: the influences of personality, coping strategies, and social support

Use of complementary and alternative medicine among United States adults: the influences of personality, coping strategies, and social support

Spirituality predicts outcome independently of expectancy following flower essence self-treatment

The Quantification of Placebo Effects Within a General Model of Health Care Outcomes

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