Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Image Sensor: An Insight as a Point-of-Care Label-Free Immunosensor

Overview of CMOS image sensor use in molecular diagnostics

“…CMOS sensor based various biomolecular diagnoses are carried out with different sensing principles on various sensing platforms and the sensor can be incorporated into the smartphone, laptop, computer or other portable clinical diagnostic devices. CMOS sensor involved in: protein array development for protein diagnosis [32], fluorescence detection for protein and peptide diagnosis [4], CMOS based detection of AgeAb interaction on nanoparticle substrate [6], chemiluminescence analysis for AgeAb diagnosis [33], microarray platform development for DNA, RNA hybridization [16], DNA array development for DNA analysis [34], integrated program for sequence analysis [35], PCR approach for DNA amplification [7], integrated platform for gas sensing [36] optical sensing imager for the bio-molecule detection [37], microscopic approach for biomarker detection [38], and color density analysis for blood glucose monitoring [39]. detection of various AgeAb interactions such as interferon gamma [49], C-reactive protein (CRP) [50], Troponin I [51], HIV [28], and hepatitis B (HBV) [52] and label free electrical detection of hTSH [53].…”

“…Each CMOS sensor contains photodiode to absorb the photons and accumulated as electrical energy. The electrical energy is converted into digital images or digital numbers with aid of an analog-todigital converter (ADC) [6]. Further, CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) amplified the signal and reduced the noise.…”

CMOS Image Sensor-based Immunodetection by Refractive-Index Change

“…Among optical-based label-free sensors, the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor has shown potential impact on biological applications. 1 Presently, the CMOS image sensor and its sensor chip show some potential applications in the field of clinical, biological, and environmental monitoring. The CMOS image sensor has been used as a miniaturized cytometer to count blood cells and microbes, 2 and used for cancer-cell detection with a chemiluminescence method.…”

“…7,8 Our group has tried to develop a simple and highly sensitive diagnostic method based on the CMOS image sensor for the detection of Ag-Ab interactions on indium nanoparticle (InNP) substrates. 1,9,10 Protein adsorption takes place on any surfaces, like glass, metals, nanoparticles, and plastic. However, a protein cannot adsorb on the same protein, itself, without a proper receptor site.…”

“…Also, the present research group has been utilizing InNP substrates for the adsorption of various proteins for their interaction with some specific antibody based on the CMOS image sensor detection method. 1,9,10 Troponin I and C-reactive protein (CRP) are markers of cardiovascular disease, and have been analyzed for heart injury and heart attack. CRP markers are secreted by the liver and released into the blood when a person is injured, or experience inflammation, cancer, heart-related diseases, and viral and bacterial infection.…”