Complementary Methods to Improve the Depuration of Bivalves: A Review

Abstract

Bivalves are filter feeders that can accumulate and concentrate waterborne contaminants present in the water in which they live. Biotoxins, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and heavy metals present in the aquaculture environment constitute the main hazards for human health. The most common method employed for combating waterborne pollutants in bivalves is depuration with purified seawater. Although this method is effective at increasing the microbiological quality of bivalves, in most cases, it is ineffective at eliminating other risks, such as, for example, viruses or heavy metals. Biological (bacteriocins and bacteriophages), physical (UV light, ozone, and gamma-irradiation), chemical (metallothioneins and chitosan), and other industrial processing methods have been found to be useful for eliminating some contaminants from seawater. The aim of this work was to provide a review of academic articles concerning the use of treatments complementary to conventional depuration, aiming to improve depuration process efficiency by reducing depuration times and decreasing the levels of the most difficult-to-erase contaminants. We conclude that there are different lab-tested strategies that can reduce depuration times and increase the food safety of bivalve produce, with possible short- and long-term industrial applications that could improve the competitivity of the aquaculture industry.

Chemical Biopreservative Effects of Red Seaweed on the Shelf Life of Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

“…In the fishery sector, both manufacturers and consumers are becoming increasingly focused on minimally processed products, with the aim of reducing the use of synthetic food additives without compromising food safety [1]. A number of preservatives are currently used for the purpose of slowing the spoilage of fishery products during storage and extending their shelf-life [2]. The use of natural food additives, such as algae or plant extracts, provides unlimited opportunities for the inhibition of bacterial growth because of their chemical diversity.…”

Hepatitis A virus strains identified in jogaejeot associated with outbreaks in Seoul, South Korea

“…2010; Martinez‐Albores et al . 2020) or the government could suppress faecal contamination in coastal waters (González‐Saldía et al . 2019).…”

Depuración controlada de la almeja Polymesoda solida en un sistema cerrado: una alternativa para la inocuidad del producto alimenticio

“…Se observaron en P. solida valores iniciales de indicadores bacterianos, superiores a los reportados en estudios previos, con almejas del norte de El Moján y la Laguna de Sinamaica, también pertenecientes al Sistema de Maracaibo, Venezuela, donde se encontraron valores de CT máximos de 3500 NMP/100 g y mínimos de 260 NMP/100 g [21,22]. Esta diferencia entre los valores puede estar asociada al sitio de recolección de los ejemplares, el cual varió entre estos estudios y refleja el hecho de que los moluscos bivalvos son bioindicadores de la zona donde se desarrollan [8,19].…”

“…Diversos métodos se han utilizado para mejorar el proceso depuración.La irradiación con luz ultravioleta es una técnica de fácil uso que permite la desinfección efectiva y previene la proliferación de microorganismos en los tanques, sin la producción de compuestos secundarios [8,17]. Recientemente, se han utilizado algunas otras alternativas, tales como la terapia de fagos [18],la aplicación de cloramina-T y de agua superoxidada [6], para acelerar la eliminación de E. coli, con efectos prometedores, sin embargo,aún no son usados al nivel comercial debido a que necesitan más investigaciones, incluyendo su uso en combinación con algún otro método, incrementando la eficacia del proceso [19].…”