Complete development ofAncylostoma ceylanicum (Looss, 1911) in golden hamsters,Mesocricetus auratus

Ray, DW; Bhopale, Kamlesh K.

doi:10.1007/bf01928740

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Infections of Golden Syrian hamsters with the hookworm A. ceylanicum were previously shown to model the host weight and blood loss associated with heavy hookworm infection and disease [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]41], as well as some aspects of human response to hookworms, such as antibody production and Th2 cytokine profile [18][19][20]. By use of this model, we recently found that vaccination with a Quil A formulation of the A. ceylanicum third-stage infective larvae antigen, Ay-ASP-2, conferred partial protection following challenge with A. ceylanicum larvae [18,23,42], as evidenced by reductions in hookworm burden, parasite size, and host blood loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Concurrent and TreatedAncylostoma ceylanicumHookworm Infections on the Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Hookworm Vaccine in Hamsters

Ghosh

Antoine

et al. 2006

J INFECT DIS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection in the Golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) has been used as an experimental hookworm infection model [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Infective larvae administered orally develop in the small intestine to the adult stage without embarking on tissue migration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Concurrent and TreatedAncylostoma ceylanicumHookworm Infections on the Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Hookworm Vaccine in Hamsters

Ghosh

Antoine

et al. 2006

J INFECT DIS

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“…Other inexpensive animal models, such as mice or rats, extensively employed to study other helminth infections, such as Trichinella, Strongyloides, or Nippostrongylus, cannot be employed to study hookworm infections. When the model hamster of A. ceylanicum was developed several decades ago (19,24,32,40,46), few immunological reagents were available, and a meticulous characterization of the immunological components of this model could not be accomplished. In this paper, we developed reagents and methods in order to provide a first description of the humoral and cellular immune response after A. ceylanicum infections in the hamster model, and we discuss its relevance as a model for human hookworm infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. ceylanicum is also a minor cause of human hookworm infection in parts of Asia (11). Unlike mice, which do not permit the development of adult hookworms (12, 41), hamsters are permissive hosts for the hookworm A. ceylanicum (19,24,32,40,46). In most studies to date, hamsters have been infected with A. ceylanicum third-stage infective larvae (L3) via oral gavage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Host Cytokine Production, Lymphoproliferation, and Antibody Responses during the Course of Ancylostoma ceylanicum Infection in the Golden Syrian Hamster

Méndez

Valenzuela

et al. 2005

Infect Immun

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The Syrian Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) has been used to model infections with the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum. New molecular immunological reagents to measure cellular immune responses in hamsters were developed and used to determine the impact of A. ceylanicum hookworm infection on host cytokine responses and lymphoproliferation. Initial larval infection with 100 third-stage A. ceylanicum larvae resulted in predominant Th1 responses (upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines) that lasted for the duration of larval migration and continued up to 14 days postinfection (prepatency). Subsequently, development of larvae into egg-laying adult hookworms (patency) coincided with a switch to Th2 predominant responses (interleukin-4 [IL-4]) as well as a marked increase in IL-10 production. This switch also concurred with reduced host lymphoproliferative responses to hookworm antigens. The findings demonstrate a similarity in immune responses between hamsters and humans infected with hookworms, suggesting that hamsters will be a useful animal model species for examining host immunity to human hookworm infections.Hookworm infection is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases infecting over 700 million people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (16). Clinical symptoms of human hookworm infection include iron-deficiency anemia (18) and protein-losing enteropathy (14) that may lead to physical, mental and cognitive growth retardation effects (25,42,43). Although chemotherapy is effective at eliminating existing adult parasites, reinfection can occur rapidly after treatment (1, 38). This observation, together with the unique epidemiology of hookworm infection, in which the worm burdens increase with age in endemic regions (6), have led to the suggestion that hookworms can either evade or suppress host immune responses (28, 35). Therefore, characterization of the immune response to hookworm in animal models would constitute a valuable tool to understand the underlying immunological mechanisms of human hookworm infections.The Syrian Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) has been developed as a model to study hookworm infection caused by the dog and cat hookworm, Ancylostoma ceylanicum. A. ceylanicum is also a minor cause of human hookworm infection in parts of Asia (11). Unlike mice, which do not permit the development of adult hookworms (12, 41), hamsters are permissive hosts for the hookworm A. ceylanicum (19,24,32,40,46). In most studies to date, hamsters have been infected with A. ceylanicum third-stage infective larvae (L3) via oral gavage. As the human hookworm A. duodenale is both orally infective as well as infective through the percutaneous route, this approximates a natural route of infection. More importantly, this model reproduces weight and blood loss that result from human infection with A. duodenale.In addition to modeling the host-parasite relationship for human hookworm infection, the hamsters have been used with some success for investigating protective immunity from a new generati...

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“…Unlike mice, which do not generally permit the development of adult Ancylostoma sp. hookworms upon larval infection (9,30), immunocompetent hamsters are fully permissive hosts for the human hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum (29,31,38). Our group (5) and others (17,25) have found that, when infected with A. ceylanicum larvae, hamsters exhibit the major clinical features observed in children, namely, anemia and delayed growth.…”

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confidence: 78%

Oral Transfer of Adult Ancylostoma ceylanicum Hookworms into Permissive and Nonpermissive Host Species

2003

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Syrian hamsters become anemic and exhibit delayed growth following oral infection with third-stage Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworm larvae. Here we describe experiments designed to determine the feasibility of adult worm transfer (AWT) between hosts, a technique that would facilitate the specific study of bloodfeeding hookworms in vivo without prior exposure of the host to larva-specific antigens, permit the ex vivo manipulation of adult parasites prior to reimplantation, and also allow for cross-species transfer of worms. Weanling hamsters given an oral AWT of 40 or 60 mixed-sex A. ceylanicum worms rapidly developed anemia; in the higher-dose group, hemoglobin levels declined from prechallenge levels by 44% within 4 days following AWT. Long-term survival of transferred worms was demonstrated by recovery of parasites from the intestines 42 days after AWT. AWT hamsters acquired humoral immune responses against soluble adult hookworm extracts and excretory-secretory products that were comparable in magnitude to those of animals given a typical infection with larvae. In AWT experiments employing the nonpermissive murine model, C57BL/6 mice given adult worms rapidly became anemic and lost weight in a manner similar to AWT hamsters. Infection of additional mouse strains demonstrated that while C57BL/10 and CD-1 mice also developed anemia following AWT, BALB/c mice were resistant. The technique of AWT to mice may further our understanding of hookworm pathogenesis by allowing the study of adult hookworm infections in a species with well-characterized genetics and an abundance of available reagents.Hundreds of millions of persons worldwide suffer from disease caused by bloodfeeding hookworms (12, 13), with children and pregnant women bearing a particularly heavy pathological burden (14,(34)(35)(36)(37)40). Effective anthelmintic agents for hookworm are available (1); however, reinfection typically occurs quickly following treatment (2, 28), and drug resistance has been documented in human isolates (16,33). Accordingly, novel strategies to control hookworm disease, such as vaccines, may offer a welcome addition to currently available treatment and control options.Over the past 30 years, the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) has been utilized as a rodent model for studies of hookworm pathology, immunology, and vaccination. Unlike mice, which do not generally permit the development of adult Ancylostoma sp. hookworms upon larval infection (9, 30), immunocompetent hamsters are fully permissive hosts for the human hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum (29,31,38). Our group (5) and others (17, 25) have found that, when infected with A. ceylanicum larvae, hamsters exhibit the major clinical features observed in children, namely, anemia and delayed growth. It has been demonstrated that immunization with soluble extracts or secretory products from adult A. ceylanicum worms leads to reduced worm burdens (20) or reduced pathology (5) in hamsters following challenge infection, establishing the utility of this model for vaccine d...

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Complete development ofAncylostoma ceylanicum (Looss, 1911) in golden hamsters,Mesocricetus auratus

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

The Impact of Concurrent and TreatedAncylostoma ceylanicumHookworm Infections on the Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Hookworm Vaccine in Hamsters

The Impact of Concurrent and TreatedAncylostoma ceylanicumHookworm Infections on the Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Hookworm Vaccine in Hamsters

Host Cytokine Production, Lymphoproliferation, and Antibody Responses during the Course of Ancylostoma ceylanicum Infection in the Golden Syrian Hamster

Oral Transfer of Adult Ancylostoma ceylanicum Hookworms into Permissive and Nonpermissive Host Species

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