Complete-Diet Feeding of Dairy Cows

Owen, J. B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-10804-1.50021-0

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Frequent feeding of concentrates can be achieved by using out-of-parlour programmable feeders. A similar effect is obtained when using complete diets, which by definition is an intimate mixture of processed ingredients which precludes selection (Owen, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…A complete diet has been defined as ' an intimate mixture of processed ingredients presented in a form which precludes selection and which is designed to be the sole source of food' (Owen, 1975). The mean D.M.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advocates (e.g. Owen, 1975) of the use of complete diets for dairy cows have often claimed increased efficiency of food utilization as an advantage of the system. The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1975) has assumed a constant value of 0-62 for the efficiency of utilization of ME for milk production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complete diet feeding has been reviewed in terms of the nutritional, managerial and economic advantages that are likely to arise from its introduction (Owen, 1975;Rickaby, 1979;Gill, 1979;Bines, 1980a, b). The nutritional benefits are attributed to the more stable rumen fermentation resulting from the relatively even distribution of concentrates over a 24 h period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complete diets for dairy cows: a comparison between complete diets and separate ingredients

Phipps¹,

Bines²,

Fulford³

et al. 1984

J. Agric. Sci.

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One hundred and ninety-four lactating British Friesian cows were used over a 2-year period to determine the effects of mixing diet ingredients on dry-matter (D.M.) intake, animal performance, digestibility coefficients, rumen fermentation and efficiency of food utilization. Four treatments were imposed in both years and were complete diet and separate ingredients at ad libitum and restricted levels of feeding.In Expt 1 a complete diet at ad libitum and restricted levels of feeding was compared with separate ingredients. The diet consisted of 60 % concentrates and 40 % forage and contained 20, 20, 10 and 50 % on a D .M. basis of maize silage, lucerne silage, dried sugarbeet pulp and dairy compound, respectively. Method and level of feeding were the same in Expt 2; however, the diet in the 2nd year consisted of 50 % concentrates (40 % dairy compound, 10% dried sugar-beet pulp) and 50% grass silage.In Expt 1 cows fed the complete diet ad libitum consumed 16-5 kg D.M./day which was significantly more than the 14-3 kg/day consumed by those offered the separate ingredients ad libitum. Intakes in Expt 2 were not significantly affected by method of feeding. Much of the difference in Expt 1 was attributed to the fact that many cows rejected lucerne silage when fed in an unmixed form and therefore to keep the concentrate to forage ratio constant other diet ingredients were reduced proportionately.Mixing diet ingredients did not significantly affect milk yields, which were for the complete diet ad libitum and restricted and the separate ingredients ad libitum and restricted 22-2, 22-2; 22-1 and 20-7 kg/day in Expt 1 and 23-6, 20-8; 24-2 and 21-5 kg/ day in Expt 2, respectively. In Expt 1 when the concentrate to forage ratio was 60:40, cows fed the complete diet ad libitum produced milk with a significantly higher milk fat concentration (39-2 g/kg) than those fed the separate ingredients (31-6 g/kg). Similar effects were not recorded in Expt 2 when the concentrate to forage ratio had been reduced to 50:50. Changes in milk protein concentration were more closely related to changes in intake rather than method of feeding. Mixing diet ingredients tended to decrease live-weight loss in early lactation and accelerate live-weight gain in midlactation.In vivo digestibility coefficients determined in lactating dairy cows showed that in Expt 1 the D.M. and organic-matter digestibility coefficients for the complete diets fed ad libitum (0-689 and 0-713) were lower than those recorded (0-712 and 0-732) for the unmixed diet ad libitum. Although the digestibility coefficient of the acid-detergent fibre of the complete diet was markedly higher at 0-519 compared with 0-478 for the separate ingredients, the difference was not significant. In Expt 2 the only difference in digestibility coefficients was that for nitrogen, which for the complete diet was significantly higher than that of the separate ingredients at both levels of feeding.At an ad libitum level of feoding in Expt 1, the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate were 620 and 11...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Complete diets for dairy cows: a comparison between complete diets and separate ingredients

Phipps¹,

Bines²,

Fulford³

et al. 1984

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…for the first 16 weeks then 4 kg for the remainder of the lactation. 2.7.3.9.4 Complete Diets or Total Mixed Rations (TMR) The complete diet system was described by Owen (1981). The main principle of the complete diet system is that the animal receives slowly and rapidly fermentable feeds in an intimate mix, thus balancing the inflow into the rumen of feeds of widely differing rates of fermentation, and thereby maintaining stable conditions in the rumen.…”

Section: Flat Rate Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service

Kelly¹,

Whitaker²,

Smith³

1988

British Veterinary Journal

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DECLARATION I declare that this thesis and the work presented herein was done entirely by myself unless otherwise indicated. Acknowledgements This work would not have been possible without the help and cooperation of a great many people. During my time in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies I was initially encouraged in the establishment of the Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service by the late Professor Gordon Ferguson. During the past years the continuation and development of the service has always had the enthusiastic support of Professor Richard Halliwell and other colleagues.David Whitaker has been involved with me in operating the DHHPS over twenty years and I have been fortunate in having such a committed and enthusiastic colleague. Grateful thanks are also due to Alex Dowell who has been in charge of the laboratory analysis over the entire length of the project and has diligently overseen the introduction of new equipment, new assays and has supervised the quality control. He has been ably assisted by a number of technical staff over this period. Sandra Smith has been of invaluable help in providing assistance with the analysis, collation and presentation of a vast amount of data.I am grateful to Kath Tracey for assistance with the final typing of this thesis.Thanks are also due to many large animal veterinary practitioners who for many years have been staunch supporters of the project. I gratefully acknowledge our sponsors, initially Spillers Agriculure and then for the greater part of the time Dalgety Agriculture. Without their financial backing and the involvement of their nutritional advisers and other support staff the operation of the DHHPS would not have been possible.Most important of all the service could not have functioned without the key participants, the farmers, whose enthusiastic support I gratefully acknowledge.On a personal basis I would like to thank my late wife Elizabeth who was a constant source of inspiration and encouragement to me in all I attempted to achieve. ABSTRACT Herd health and reproduction have been ranked as top priorities for improving the future productivity and profitability of dairy enterprises. There is a multitude of genetic, disease, nutritional, management and physiological issues that can dramatically alter health and reproduction. It is generally agreed that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary if improvement is to be achieved. Herd health schemes have evolved in the dairy industry throughout the world but the uptake of such schemes in the UK has been low. The veterinary input to many dairy farms is at best routine fertility visits confined to examination of the reproductive tract, and at worst occasional emergency calls. The Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service (DHHPS) was established to provide the opportunity for veterinary surgeons to lead a multidisciplinary team which can monitor health, fertility and production and can plan remedial action, when necessary. Over a period of twenty years it has continued to identify infertility, mas...

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Level and Pattern of Concentrate Allocation to Dairy Cows

Leaver¹

1988

Nutrition and Lactation in the Dairy Cow

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Complete-Diet Feeding of Dairy Cows

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Complete diets for dairy cows: a comparison between complete diets and separate ingredients

Complete diets for dairy cows: a comparison between complete diets and separate ingredients

A Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service

Level and Pattern of Concentrate Allocation to Dairy Cows

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