Complete Genome Analysis of Undecylprodigiosin Pigment Biosynthesizing Marine Streptomyces Species Displaying Potential Bioactive Applications

Abstract

Marine Streptomyces species are underexplored for their pigment molecules and genes. In this study, we report the genome of the undecylprodigiosin biosynthesizing gene cluster carrying Streptomyces sp. strain BSE6.1, displaying antioxidant, antimicrobial, and staining properties. This Gram-positive obligate aerobic bacterium was isolated from the coastal sediment of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Pink to reddish pigmented colonies with whitish powdery spores on both agar and broth media are the important morphological characteristics of this bacterium. Growth tolerance to NaCl concentrations was 2 to 7%. The assembled genome of Streptomyces sp. BSE6.1 contains one linear chromosome 8.02 Mb in length with 7157 protein-coding genes, 82 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs and at least 11 gene clusters related to the synthesis of various secondary metabolites, including undecylprodigiosin. This strain carries type I, type II, and type III polyketide synthases (PKS) genes. Type I PKS gene cluster is involved in the biosynthesis of red pigment undecylprodigiosin of BSE6.1, similar to the one found in the S. coelicolor A3(2). This red pigment was reported to have various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The genome of Streptomyces sp. BSE6.1 was submitted to NCBI with a BioProject ID of PRJNA514840 (Sequence Read Archive ID: SRR10849367 and Genome accession ID: CP085300).

Natural Substrates and Culture Conditions to Produce Pigments from Potential Microbes in Submerged Fermentation

“…Here, we detail the selected and recent applications of microbial pigments in various areas. Undecylprodigiosin, a prodigiosin pigment derivative, was reported to have dyeing, food colorant, and antimicrobial properties [162,215]. Particularly, undecylprodigiosin and other unidentified pigment molecules have been demonstrated to show a high affinity to staining transverse sections of Tridax procumbens [162], indicating the application of these pigments as natural stains in laboratory studies.…”

A comprehensive profiling of quorum quenching by bacterial pigments identifies quorum sensing inhibition and anti-biofilm action of prodigiosin against Acinetobacter baumannii

“…While pigment production in bacteria offers advantages like protection from ultraviolet radiation, oxidants, antimicrobials and extreme and adverse temperature, for the competitive counterparts, it can be deleterious (Celedon and Diaz 2021). The expression of pigment biosynthetic genes is under precise regulation of multiple transcription factors that respond to environmental cues (Ramesh et al 2021). Considering the immense amount of genetic load and energy invested in pigment synthesis (Ramesh et al 2021), it can be assumed that such metabolites are crucial during interspecies communication and competition.…”

“…The expression of pigment biosynthetic genes is under precise regulation of multiple transcription factors that respond to environmental cues (Ramesh et al 2021). Considering the immense amount of genetic load and energy invested in pigment synthesis (Ramesh et al 2021), it can be assumed that such metabolites are crucial during interspecies communication and competition. Bacterial pigments are chemically diverse in nature belonging to groups like carotenoids, melanins, phenazines, quinones, indoles and pyrroles.…”

Co-Expression of Transcriptional Regulators and Housekeeping Genes in Streptomyces spp.: A Strategy to Optimize Metabolite Production

“…Table S5: TTA codons find in the chromosome of each strain using antiSmash 7. References [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ] are cited in the supplementary materials.…”