Complete Genome Sequence of a Canine-Origin H3N2 Feline Influenza Virus Isolated from Domestic Cats in South Korea

Park, Seongjun; Kang, Bo-Kyu; Jeoung, Hye-Young; Moon, Heejang; Hong, Moongeun; Na, Woonseong; Park, Bong‐Kyun; Poo, Haryoung; Kim, Jeong-Ki; An, Dong-Jun; Song, Daesub

doi:10.1128/genomea.00253-12

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…6), so this suggests that the infectivity difference between NLFK and Mpf cells was likely not due to receptor differences. These results were interesting because ferrets are susceptible to influenza and are used as a model for human virus infection and transmission (71), and there is already evidence that CIV H3N2 can infect cats (72,73). Additionally, a previous study showed that EIV replicated in the upper respiratory tract in live ferrets but was restricted in the lungs (74).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Equine and Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses Show Minimal Biological Differences Despite Phylogenetic Divergence

Feng

Gonzalez

Deng

et al. 2015

J Virol

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The A/H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV) emerged from A/H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) around the year 2000 through the transfer of a single virus from horses to dogs. We defined and compared the biological properties of EIV and CIV by examining their genetic variation, infection, and growth in different cell cultures, receptor specificity, hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage, and infection and growth in horse and dog tracheal explant cultures. Comparison of sequences of viruses from horses and dogs revealed mutations that may be linked to host adaptation and tropism. We prepared infectious clones of representative EIV and CIV strains that were similar to the consensus sequences of viruses from each host. The rescued viruses, including HA and neuraminidase (NA) double reassortants, exhibited similar degrees of long-term growth in MDCK cells. Different host cells showed various levels of susceptibility to infection, but no differences in infectivity were seen when comparing viruses. All viruses preferred ␣2-3-over ␣2-6-linked sialic acids for infections, and glycan microarray analysis showed that EIV and CIV HA-Fc fusion proteins bound only to ␣2-3-linked sialic acids. Cleavage assays showed that EIV and CIV HA proteins required trypsin for efficient cleavage, and no differences in cleavage efficiency were seen. Inoculation of the viruses into tracheal explants revealed similar levels of infection and replication by each virus in dog trachea, although EIV was more infectious in horse trachea than CIV. IMPORTANCEInfluenza A viruses can cross species barriers and cause severe disease in their new hosts. Infections with highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus and, more recently, avian H7N9 virus have resulted in high rates of lethality in humans. Unfortunately, our current understanding of how influenza viruses jump species barriers is limited. Our aim was to provide an overview and biological characterization of H3N8 equine and canine influenza viruses using various experimental approaches, since the canine virus emerged from horses approximately 15 years ago. We showed that although there were numerous genetic differences between the equine and canine viruses, this variation did not result in dramatic biological differences between the viruses from the two hosts, and the viruses appeared phenotypically equivalent in most assays we conducted. These findings suggest that the crossspecies transmission and adaptation of influenza viruses may be mediated by subtle changes in virus biology. Influenza A viruses are maintained in aquatic birds as intestinal infections, occasionally transfer to and become established as respiratory infections in mammals, including humans, and sometimes spread from one mammal to another (1, 2). Mammalian hosts that have been commonly seen to maintain avian-derived viruses include swine, horses, humans, mink, seals, and, recently, dogs (2-5). Host transfers between different birds, from birds to mammals, or between different mammalian hosts are relatively common but mostly result in single infe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Equine and Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses Show Minimal Biological Differences Despite Phylogenetic Divergence

Feng

Gonzalez

Deng

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…1A and B). To validate these HA and NA ssNCR sequence logos, we also examined the NCR sequences from the literature, which were determined accurately by specific NCRsequencing methods (27,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36), and compared them with the sequence logos generated from the bioinformatics analysis (Fig. 1C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Nonconserved Noncoding Region of the Subtype-Determinant Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Segments of Influenza A Viruses

Zhao

Peng

Zhou

et al. 2014

J Virol

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The noncoding regions (NCRs) of the eight-segmented viral RNAs (vRNAs) of influenza A virus consist of the highly conserved promoter region and the nonconserved segment-specific NCRs at both the 3= and 5= ends. The roles of the segment-specific NCRs of the eight segments have been extensively studied. However, the diversities in the same region of the two subtype-determinant hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) segments have received little attention. In this study, we bioinformatically analyzed all available NCRs of HA and NA vRNAs of influenza A viruses and found that nucleotides in the segment-specific NCRs of HA and NA vRNAs are subtype specific and vary significantly in sequence and length at both the 3= and 5= ends among different subtypes. We then systematically studied the biological significance of the HA subtype-specific NCRs (HA ssNCRs) of the common HA subtypes (H1 to H7 and H9) in the context of the WSN (H1N1) reverse genetics system. We found that the HA ssNCRs play a critical role in HA vRNA virion incorporation. Upon HA vRNA incorporation, the 3=-end HA ssNCR plays a more critical role than the 5=-end HA ssNCR, and no stringent compatibility between the two ends is required. Furthermore, our data imply that, in addition to a particular nucleotide(s), the length of the HA ssNCR is involved in regulating HA vRNA incorporation efficiency. These results provide new insights into the HA segment virion incorporation that is critical for the emergence of epidemic and pandemic influenza A virus strains. IMPORTANCEThe nonconserved noncoding regions (NCRs) of the vRNAs of influenza A virus have been extensively studied, whereas the diversities in the nonconserved NCRs of the two subtype-determinant segments hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) have received little attention. In this study, we bioinformatically analyzed all available NCRs of HA and NA vRNAs and discovered that the HA and NA vRNAs contain key subtype signatures in the NCRs. Our functional studies of the HA subtype-specific NCRs (HA ssNCRs) of the common HA subtypes in the context of WSN virus (H1N1) demonstrated that the HA ssNCR modulates virus replication efficiency by influencing HA segment virion incorporation. Moreover, we revealed important features of the HA ssNCR in determining HA vRNA incorporation efficiency. These data not only show new genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses, but also provide further evidence for understanding the selective genome packaging of influenza virus required for the emergence of epidemic and pandemic influenza virus strains.

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“…H3N2 FIV isolates were included in the data set for the origin and genotyping analysis. Although H3N2 FIV has been isolated in cats, it is essentially H3N2 CIV (Park et al., ; Zhu et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2016, a veterinarian was infected with a low pathogenic avian influenza virus H7N2, which was also isolated from a cat shelter in New York City (Belser et al., ). Canines carrying avian‐origin H3N2 CIV have also the potential to transmit the virus to other species in frequent close contact such as cats (Jeoung et al., ; Park et al., ). Although no human infections have yet been reported with H3N2 CIVs, more and more new H3N2 CIV cases are being reported in the USA and Eastern Asia and it may be a matter of time before human infections are reported or passed as unrecognized cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and adaptation of H3N2 canine influenza virus from avian influenza virus: An overlooked role of dogs in interspecies transmission

Zhu

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) originated from avian species and emerged in dogs in Asia around 2005 where it became enzootic before reaching the USA in 2015. To investigate the key aspects of the evolution of H3N2 CIV regarding its emergence and adaptation in the canine host, we conducted an extensive analysis of all publicly available H3N2 CIV sequences spanning a 10‐year period. We believe that H3N2 AIVs transferred to canines around 2002–2004. Furthermore, H3N2 CIVs could be divided into seven major clades with strong geographic clustering and some changed sites evidence of adaptive evolution. Most notably, the dN/dS of each H3N2 CIVs segment was higher than the correspondent of H3N2 AIVs and the U content of HA and NA was increasing over time, suggesting the idea that this avian‐origin virus may be gradually adapting to the host. Our results provide a framework to elucidate a general mechanism for emergence of novel influenza viruses.

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Complete Genome Sequence of a Canine-Origin H3N2 Feline Influenza Virus Isolated from Domestic Cats in South Korea

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Equine and Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses Show Minimal Biological Differences Despite Phylogenetic Divergence

Equine and Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses Show Minimal Biological Differences Despite Phylogenetic Divergence

New Insights into the Nonconserved Noncoding Region of the Subtype-Determinant Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Segments of Influenza A Viruses

Emergence and adaptation of H3N2 canine influenza virus from avian influenza virus: An overlooked role of dogs in interspecies transmission

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