Complete Genome Sequence of a Copper-Resistant <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv<i>. campestris</i> Strain Isolated from Broccoli in Mauritius Suggests Adaptive Gene Gain Through Horizontal Gene Transfer

Boyer, Claudine; Lefeuvre, Pierre; Richard, Damien; Lobin, Kanta Kumar; Pruvost, Olivier

doi:10.1094/phyto-05-23-0177-sc

Phytopathology®

2024

DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-23-0177-sc

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Complete Genome Sequence of a Copper-Resistant Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Strain Isolated from Broccoli in Mauritius Suggests Adaptive Gene Gain Through Horizontal Gene Transfer

Claudine Boyer

Pierre Lefeuvre

Damien Richard

et al.

Abstract: Bacterial adaptation is facilitated by the presence of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of genes, such as those coding for virulence factors or resistance to antimicrobial compounds. A hybrid assembly of Nanopore MinIon long read and Illumina short read data was produced from a copper-resistant Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) strain isolated from symptomatic broccoli leaves in Mauritius. We obtained a 5.2 Mb high-quality chromosome and no plasmid. We found four geno… Show more

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Cited by 2 publications

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Xanthomonas as a Model System for Studying Pathogen Emergence and Evolution

Timilsina,

Kaur,

Sharma

et al. 2024

Phytopathology®

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In this review, we highlight studies where whole genome sequencing, comparative genomics and population genomics have provided unprecedented insights into past and ongoing pathogen evolution. These include new understanding of adaptive evolution of secretion systems and their effectors. We focus on Xanthomonas pathosystems that have seen intensive study and improved our understanding of pathogen emergence and evolution, particularly in the context of host specialization: citrus canker, bacterial blight of rice, and bacterial spot of tomato and pepper. Across pathosystems, pathogens appear to follow a pattern of bursts of evolution and diversification that impact host adaptation. There remains a need for studies on the mechanisms of host range evolution and genetic exchange among closely related but differentially host-specialized species, and to start moving beyond the study of specific strain and host cultivar pairwise interactions to thinking about these pathosystems in a community context.

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Xanthomonas as a Model System for Studying Pathogen Emergence and Evolution

Timilsina,

Kaur,

Sharma

et al. 2024

Phytopathology®

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Evolution of copper resistance in Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans population

Kaur,

Minsavage,

Potnis

et al. 2024

mSystems

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The widespread use of antimicrobials that target bacterial pathogens has driven evolution of resistance, compromising the efficacy of these bactericides. Understanding the emergence and spread of resistance genes via mobile genetic elements is crucial for combating antimicrobial resistance. Copper resistance (CuR) in Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans has severely affected the efficacy of copper-based bactericides for controlling bacterial leaf spot disease of tomato and pepper. Here, we investigated the evolutionary pathways of CuR acquisition and dissemination in X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans using an extensive collection of strains. We determined that chromosomally encoded CuR predominates over plasmid-borne CuR in multiple distinct phylogenetic groups of X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans . Our analysis revealed a single site of chromosomal integration by a CuR genomic island, although the genomic island showed sequence variation among phylogenetic groups. While chromosomal CuR was more prevalent, strains with plasmid-borne resistance conferred greater copper tolerance. Additionally, we identified strains carrying two copies of CuR genes, on plasmid and chromosome, that exhibited increased copper tolerance. Strains of X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans from the USA shared identical CuR gene sequences whether on plasmids or chromosome while different alleles were found in strains from other countries. In contrast to X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans , plasmid-borne CuR predominated in closely related pathovar, X. euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria . Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and persistence of CuR in X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans and its closest relatives. IMPORTANCE The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a significant threat to agricultural production as it reduces the efficacy of various antimicrobials including copper-based bactericides that are widely used to control plant diseases. The challenge of increasing antimicrobial resistance entering a production system necessitates a deeper understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms by which pathogens acquire resistance. As a result of this research, we have identified different mechanisms of copper resistance acquisition as well as levels of copper resistance in a devastating plant pathogen, X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans . The evolution and dissemination of copper resistance in strains through plasmid or chromosomally integrated genomic island or both presents barriers to current management approaches, where growers rely heavily on copper-based bactericides to manage disease outbreaks. This knowledge is crucial when considering the continued use of existing antimicrobials or adopting alternative antimicrobials in efforts to implement enhanced antimicrobial stewardship strategies in agriculture.

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Complete Genome Sequence of a Copper-Resistant Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Strain Isolated from Broccoli in Mauritius Suggests Adaptive Gene Gain Through Horizontal Gene Transfer

Cited by 2 publications

References 47 publications

Xanthomonas as a Model System for Studying Pathogen Emergence and Evolution

Xanthomonas as a Model System for Studying Pathogen Emergence and Evolution

Evolution of copper resistance in Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans population

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