Complete Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 16 of Goat Origin from India

Abstract

In this article, we document the first complete genome sequence of an isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 16 (BTV16) from a goat in India. The virus was isolated from an in-contact goat from an animal farm in Chennai where clinical disease occurs in sheep. The total size of the genome is 19,185 bp. The information provided for full-length sequences of all 10 segments will help in understanding the geographical origin and transmission of the Indian isolate of BTV16 as well as its comparison with global isolates of BTV16 of sheep, cattle, and other host species origins.

Type-specific seroprevalence of bluetongue in Andhra Pradesh, India, during 2005–2009

“…Importantly (a) some sera (32 %) did not neutralize any of the tested serotypes, suggesting the existence of other serotypes, and (b) majority of the sera neutralized more than one serotype, indicating superinfection or circulation of multiple serotypes in the sampled flocks. It is noteworthy that BTV-16 was not tested in this study but has been isolated during the study period [2,22], and it is possible that BTV-16 may be one of the additional serotypes, although the presence of other serotypes cannot be ruled out.…”

“…Twenty-six different serotypes of BTV are recognized worldwide and distinct topotypes defined by closely related sequences of each genome segment have been proposed [19]. In India, 23 serotypes of BTV have been reported, identified either by serology or virus isolation, and eight serotypes (BTV-1, -2, -3, -9, -10, -16, -21, and -23) have been isolated from different regions during the last decade [4,5,8,12,17,22,26,28,30,33,36,37].BT is endemic in India. Multiple serotypes of BTV commonly circulate in the same geographical area, and can be isolated from the same flock or even from the same animals.…”

Isolation and Complete Genome Sequencing of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 12 from India

“…). Conspicuously, segment 5 of western origin appears to have established in India as evidenced by the closely related sequences of this segment with those of recently isolated viruses (Gollapalli et al., ; Maan et al., ,c; Minakshi et al., ; Rao et al., ,c; Susmitha et al., ) (Figure S5). By contrast, segment 7 of NMO1 was identical (99%) to South African reference virus for BTV‐12 and a Chinese isolate of BTV‐12 isolated in 1996 (Bonneau et al., ).…”

“…Bluetongue is endemic in India, where seven different serotypes of BTV (1, 2, 9, 10, 16, 21, 23) have been isolated from sheep during the last two decades, predominantly from the southern part of the country (Bommineni et al., ; Biswas et al., ; Dadawala et al., ; Gollapalli et al., ; Minakshi et al., ; Rao et al., ). At least two of the isolates belonging to serotypes BTV‐2 and ‐10 are highly related phylogenetically to the live attenuated vaccine strains used in the west and thus appear to be of western origin (Gollapalli et al., ; Maan et al., ,c; Rao et al., ), suggesting recent movement of vaccinelike viruses into India.…”

“…Based on the sequence data and phylogenetic analyses, serotype and topotypes can be assigned to a new isolate and its origins can be predicted (Maan et al., ). In recent times, this has been hastened by the advent of rapid genome sequencing technologies (Potgieter et al., ; Boyle et al., ; Minakshi et al., ; Rao et al., , ). Here, we report the isolation of BTV‐12 from India and its genetic characterization using next‐generation sequencing.…”