“…We and other colleagues have identified TMUV as the causative agent of the disease (Cao et al, 2011;Su et al, 2011;Yan et al, 2011). Although it was first isolated from ducks during the 2010 outbreak, TMUV has now been routinely isolated from ducks, geese, chickens, pigeons, sparrows, and mosquitos, suggesting TUMV has a wide host range (Chen et al, 2013(Chen et al, , 2014Han et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2012;Tang et al, 2012Tang et al, , 2013aWan et al, 2012;Xie et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2013;Yun et al, 2012a,b;Zhu et al, 2012). Recently, it has been indicated that TMUV causes neurovirulence in mice and mortality ranging from 20% to 80% when intracerebrally inoculated with a dose of 7.5 Â 10 4 PFU/mouse .…”