Complete genome sequence of highly pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from mariculture Penaeus vannamei reveals virulence factor genes

Abstract

The complete genomic sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain HN1 was determined. The HN1 genome consisted of two circular chromosomes, with a total length of 5,024,488 bp and a G + C content of 45.16%. In total, 4,580 coding genes with an average length of 944 bp were identified. Among them, 3,818 genes (83.36%) were annotated to the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) database; 2,811 (61.38%) to the Gene Ontology (GO) database; and 2,493 (54.43%) to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. A genetic virulence analysis identified 577 virulence genes, including cya, flagellum‐related genes, Bsa T3SS, p60 and the type IV secretion system in V. parahaemolyticus strain HN1. Meanwhile, hemolysin was identified as a virulence protein. In a further analysis, no thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) or TDH‐related hemolysin (TRH) was identified, but thermolabile hemolysin (TLH) was identified. In a secretory system analysis, genes associated with the type I, type II, type III, and type VI secretory systems were identified. The type III (located on chromosome 1) and type VI secretory systems (located on chromosome 1 and chromosome 2) were annotated by multiple genes and may play an important role in the strong pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp. In addition, multiple drug resistance genes were identified and antibiotic‐susceptibility assays were performed.

Effects of different salinity on the transcriptome and antibiotic resistance of two Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from Penaeus vannamei cultured in seawater and freshwater ponds

“…After obtaining sequencing data, adapter sequences were removed, A, G, C, and T bases were eliminated at 5′ ends, low sequencing quality reads (quality value <20) were pruned, reads with an "N" base ratio >10% were deleted, and small segments <25 bp were omitted to gain clean reads using SeqPrep (https://github.com/jstjo hn/ SeqPrep) and Sickle (Version 1.33, https://github.com/najos hi/ sickle). The resulting clean data were mapped with the genome of V. parahaemolyticus (Ma et al, 2021) using Bowtie software (http:// bowti e-bio.sourc eforge.net/index.shtml) to obtain mapped data for subsequent analysis.…”

“…The results of antibiotic-susceptibility assays involving strain HN1 at 20‰ salinity were published in our previous article (Ma et al, 2020).…”

Molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies uncover the host-pathogen protein-protein interactions in Penaeus vannamei and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

“…One of the common virulence factors in V. parahaemolyticus is the type III secretion system (T3SS) [15]. T3SS is a needle-like bacterial structure known as an injectisome that permits the gram-negative bacteria to inject and secrete effector proteins into the cytosol of P. vannamei [16]. T3SS consists of T3SS1 and T3SS2, located in chromosome 1 and chromosome 2, respectively [17], and both of them mediate toxin secretion, leading to cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity in P. vannamei during infection [18].…”

In Silico Approach Gives Insights into Ig-like Fold Containing Proteins in Vibrio parahaemolyticus: A Focus on the Fibrillar Adhesins

“…V. parahaemolyticus has resulted in significant economic loss in animal production and increased spread of foodborne diseases [1]. Its virulence factors assist in spreading pathogenesis, by being involved in adhesion, effector delivery, motility, exotoxin production, exoenzyme production and biofilm formation of bacteria [2]. The intercellular communication and extracellular biofilm matrix development start with cell adhesion, which relies on the receptors located on cell surfaces.…”