Complete genome sequence of the motile actinomycete Actinoplanes missouriensis 431T (= NBRC 102363T)

Yamamura, Hideki; Ohnishi, Yasuo; Ishikawa, Jun; Ichikawa, Natsuko; Ikeda, Haruo; Sekine, Mitsuo; Harada, Takeshi; Horinouchi, Sueharu; Otoguro, Misa; Tamura, Tomohiko; Suzuki, Ken‐ichiro; Hoshino, Yasutaka; Arisawa, Akira; Nakagawa, Youji; Fujita, Nobuyuki; Hayakawa, Masayuki

doi:10.4056/sigs.3196539

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…A. missouriensis 431 (NBRC 102363) is the type strain of the species for which the complete genome sequence has been determined (GenBank accession no. NC_017093 [5]). Moreover, this strain produces hundreds of spherical spores within each of the terminal sporangia.…”

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Genetic and Transcriptional Analyses of the Flagellar Gene Cluster in Actinoplanes missouriensis

et al. 2016

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Actinoplanes missouriensis, a Gram-positive and soil-inhabiting bacterium, is a member of the rare actinomycetes. The filamentous cells produce sporangia, which contain hundreds of flagellated spores that can swim rapidly for a short period of time until they find niches for germination. These swimming cells are called zoospores, and the mechanism of this unique temporal flagellation has not been elucidated. Here, we report all of the flagellar genes in the bacterial genome and their expected function and contribution for flagellar morphogenesis. We identified a large flagellar gene cluster composed of 33 genes that encode the majority of proteins essential for assembling the functional flagella of Gram-positive bacteria. One noted exception to the cluster was the location of the fliQ gene, which was separated from the cluster. We examined the involvement of four genes in flagellar biosynthesis by gene disruption, fliQ, fliC, fliK, and lytA. Furthermore, we performed a transcriptional analysis of the flagellar genes using RNA samples prepared from A. missouriensis grown on a sporangium-producing agar medium for 1, 3, 6, and 40 days. We demonstrated that the transcription of the flagellar genes was activated in conjunction with sporangium formation. Eleven transcriptional start points of the flagellar genes were determined using the rapid amplification of cDNA 5= ends (RACE) procedure, which revealed the highly conserved promoter sequence CTCA(N 15-17 )GCCGAA. This result suggests that a sigma factor is responsible for the transcription of all flagellar genes and that the flagellar structure assembles simultaneously. IMPORTANCEThe biology of a zoospore is very interesting from the viewpoint of morphogenesis, survival strategy, and evolution. Here, we analyzed flagellar genes in A. missouriensis, which produces sporangia containing hundreds of flagellated spores each. Zoospores released from the sporangia swim for a short time before germination occurs. We identified a large flagellar gene cluster and an orphan flagellar gene (fliQ). These findings indicate that the zoospore flagellar components are typical of Gram-positive bacteria. However, the transcriptional analysis revealed that all flagellar genes are transcribed simultaneously during sporangium formation, a pattern differing from the orderly, regulated expression of flagellar genes in other bacteria, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. These results suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for flagellar formation in A. missouriensis.A ctinomycetes exhibit filamentous growth, and their hyphae are not motile. However, actinomycetes, which belong to a range of genera, including Actinoplanes, Catenuloplanes, Kineosporia, and Spirillospora, produce spores that can swim using the flagella prior to germination. These motile cells are called zoospores and are thought to specifically function for expansion into new habitats. Thus, zoospore-producing actinomycetes are motile only for a very short period of their complex life cycle. The zoospore biology is o...

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Genetic and Transcriptional Analyses of the Flagellar Gene Cluster in Actinoplanes missouriensis

et al. 2016

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“…The G+C content of the tchm cluster is 73.4%, typical for the Actinoplanes genus (Yamamura et al 2012); it did not differ from the overall GC content of A.…”

Section: Annotation and Analysis Of The Teichomycin Gene Clustermentioning

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A gene cluster for the biosynthesis of moenomycin family antibiotics in the genome of teicoplanin producer Actinoplanes teichomyceticus

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et al. 2016

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Actinoplanes missouriensis 431 is a rare actinomycete isolated from barnyard soil near Hamilton, Missouri, USA . It shows interesting morphological features and forms sporangia containing motile sporangiospores .…”

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Involvement of β‐Alkylation Machinery and Two Sets of Ketosynthase‐Chain‐Length Factors in the Biosynthesis of Fogacin Polyketides in Actinoplanes missouriensis

et al. 2019

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Fogacin and two novel fogacin derivatives, fogacins B and C, were isolated from the rare actinomycete Actinoplanes missouriensis. Biosynthesis of fogacin C apparently requires β alkylation of a polyketide chain. The fogacin biosynthetic type II polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster contains a hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A synthase (HCS) cassette, which is usually responsible for β alkylation in the type I PKS system. Another characteristic of the fog cluster is that it encodes two sets of ketosynthase (KS) and chain‐length factor (CLF). Inactivation of either of the two KS genes in A. missouriensis and heterologous expression of the HCS cassette with either of the two KS‐CLF genes in Streptomyces albus indicated that each KS‐CLF had a different starter substrate specificity: one preferred an unusual β‐alkylated starter and the other preferred a normal acetyl starter. This study expands knowledge of HCS cassette‐dependent β alkylation into the type II PKS system and provides a natural example of combinatorial biosynthesis for producing diverse polyketides from different starter substrates.

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Complete genome sequence of the motile actinomycete Actinoplanes missouriensis 431T (= NBRC 102363T)

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Genetic and Transcriptional Analyses of the Flagellar Gene Cluster in Actinoplanes missouriensis

Genetic and Transcriptional Analyses of the Flagellar Gene Cluster in Actinoplanes missouriensis

A gene cluster for the biosynthesis of moenomycin family antibiotics in the genome of teicoplanin producer Actinoplanes teichomyceticus

Involvement of β‐Alkylation Machinery and Two Sets of Ketosynthase‐Chain‐Length Factors in the Biosynthesis of Fogacin Polyketides in Actinoplanes missouriensis

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