Complete genome sequence of USA300, an epidemic clone of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Diep, Binh An; Gill, Steven R.; Chang, Richard F.; Phan, Tiffany HaiVan; Chen, Jason H.; Davidson, Matthew G.; Lin, Felice; Lin, Jessica; Carleton, Heather A.; Mongodin, Emmanuel F.; Sensabaugh, George F.; Perdreau-Remington, Françoise

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68231-7

Cited by 1,438 publications

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“…Genome sequencing of two CA-MRSA strains, the Midwest Clone MW2 (USA400) and the pandemic clone USA300 [7,[9][10][11]25,26], revealed that ~20% of the unique genomic contents of CA-MRSA strains are due to the horizontal acquisition of multiple mobile genetic elements, including prophages and pathogenicity islands, which are absent from the traditional hospitalassociated MRSA strains COL, N315 and MRSA252 ( Figure 2). The prophages and pathogenicity islands contained numerous specialized pathogenicity factors, such as enterotoxins and exoproteins that could allow CA-MRSA to evade or subvert host defenses [25,26]. The MW2 strain, for example, contained 18 toxins not typically found in traditional hospital-associated MRSA strains [25].…”

Section: Unique Genomic Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of virulence determinants in community-associated MRSA pathogenesis

Diep

Otto

2008

Trends in Microbiology

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The recent emergence of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) marked a quantum step change in the biology and epidemiology of a major human pathogen. Various virulence determinants unique to CA-MRSA have been recently uncovered, shedding light on how these strains spread easily and sustainably among humans and frequently cause severe disease. The role of the Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in CA-MRSA pathogenesis is a matter of much debate. While epidemiological data have suggested a role of PVL in the CA-MRSA disease process, recent data from relevant animal models suggest that PVL does not impact virulence of prevalent CA-MRSA strains. Identifying specialized pathogenic traits of CA-MRSA remains a challenge that will yield new diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for drug and vaccine development.

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Section: Unique Genomic Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of virulence determinants in community-associated MRSA pathogenesis

Diep

Otto

2008

Trends in Microbiology

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287

279

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“…The acquisition of plasmids and genomic islands has been implicated in epidemic outbreaks, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia spp. [6][7][8]. But in natural settings, we understand little about how bacterial strains vary in their capacity to dominate local sites or host populations or to spread among sites across ecological barriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic Spread of Symbiotic and Non-Symbiotic Bradyrhizobium Genotypes Across California

et al. 2015

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The patterns and drivers of bacterial strain dominance remain poorly understood in natural populations. Here, we cultured 1292 Bradyrhizobium isolates from symbiotic root nodules and the soil root interface of the host plant Acmispon strigosus across a >840-km transect in California. To investigate epidemiology and the potential role of accessory loci as epidemic drivers, isolates were genotyped at two chromosomal loci and were assayed for presence or absence of accessory Bsymbiosis island^loci that encode capacity to form nodules on hosts. We found that Bradyrhizobium populations were very diverse but dominated by few haplotypeswith a single Bepidemic^haplotype constituting nearly 30 % of collected isolates and spreading nearly statewide. In many Bradyrhizobium lineages, we inferred presence and absence of the symbiosis island suggesting recurrent evolutionary gain and or loss of symbiotic capacity. We did not find statistical phylogenetic evidence that the symbiosis island acquisition promotes strain dominance and both symbiotic and nonsymbiotic strains exhibited population dominance and spatial spread. Our dataset reveals that a strikingly few Bradyrhizobium genotypes can rapidly spread to dominate a landscape and suggests that these epidemics are not driven by the acquisition of accessory loci as occurs in key human pathogens.

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“…Additionally, the CA-MRSA isolates contains genetic mobile elements that give them greater environmental adaptability--as is the case with the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), specifically identified in the USA300 clone (21). Clinically, the CA-MRSA isolates have acquired the capacity not only to cause minor infections in healthy persons, but also to cause severe infections such as pneumonia and necrotizing fasciitis (16 (9,10), and the selection supported by a bioinformatics analysis of their location on the genome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%