Complete Genome Sequences of Seven Avibacterium paragallinarum Isolates from Poultry Farms in Pennsylvania, USA

Byukusenge, Maurice; Nissly, Ruth H.; Pierre, Traci; Mathews, Tammy; Wallner-Pendleton, Eva; Dunn, Patricia A.; Barnhart, Denise; Loughrey, Sean; Davison, Sherrill; Kelly, Douglas G.; Tewari, Deepanker; Jayarao, Bhushan M.; Kuchipudi, Suresh V.

doi:10.1128/mra.00654-20

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Avibacterium paragallinarum (AP) is a primary pathogen and causes infectious coryza (IC) disease in chickens ( 1 – 3 ). There has been a recent increase in the incidence of this disease ( 4 – 6 ). However, multiple-layer flocks reported positive quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) results without any clinical signs or history of the disease, leading to notable confusion in the diagnosis of this disease.…”

Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete genome sequences generated using hybrid Nanopore-Illumina assembly of two non-typical Avibacterium paragallinarum strains isolated from clinically normal chicken flocks

Hashish,

Chaves,

Macedo

et al. 2023

Microbiol Resour Announc

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Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete genome sequences generated using hybrid Nanopore-Illumina assembly of two non-typical Avibacterium paragallinarum strains isolated from clinically normal chicken flocks

Hashish,

Chaves,

Macedo

et al. 2023

Microbiol Resour Announc

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“…In China, serovars A, C, and B were identified for the first time in 1987, 1995, and 2003, respectively ( 9 , 14 , 15 ). Recently, IC outbreaks have been reported in multiple states in the USA, and IC is now considered an emerging respiratory disease of chickens in the northeastern USA, such as Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland ( 16 , 17 ). Due to the worldwide distribution of Av.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HutZ is required for efficient heme utilization and contributes to the pathogenicity of Avibacterium paragallinarum

Huo,

Jiao,

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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Avibacterium paragallinarum is the pathogen that causes infectious coryza, a highly contagious respiratory disease that brings a serious threat to chickens. Heme utilization systems play an important role in bacterial adversity adaptation and pathogenicity, and our previous report found the presence of heme utilization (HutZ) in Av. paragallinarum . However, little is known about the function of HutZ in Av. paragallinarum . In this study, the HutZ mutant strain of Av. paragallinarum was successfully developed and identified by PCR and western blot analysis. Mutation of HutZ significantly retards bacterial growth under reduced iron conditions, indicating the regulatory role of HutZ on growth and iron acquisition. Notably, the HutZ mutant strain had slower growth than the wild-type strain when heme was provided as the sole source of iron; thus, HutZ is crucial for heme utilization in Av. paragallinarum . Moreover, the HutZ mutant strain exhibited a markedly compromised tolerance to acid stress compared to the wild-type strain. Pathogenicity analysis showed that mutation of HutZ significantly weakened the ability of bacteria to invade and reproduce in host macrophage cells in vitro . Furthermore, the HutZ mutation could significantly decrease the bacterial virulence in chickens, which displayed lower morbidity and milder clinical symptoms. Hence, this is the first study to demonstrate in-depth the essential roles of HutZ on iron homeostasis and pathogenesis of Av. paragallinarum , which provides novel insight into advances of new prophylactic vaccines against this kind of bacteria. Importance Heme utilization (HutZ) protein has been characterized as an important heme-degrading enzyme that is critical for the cleavage of heme to biliverdin via verdoheme and can release iron to be used by bacteria. The interaction between HutZ and Av. paragallinarum is still unknown. Here, we unraveled the role of HutZ on the growth, iron acquisition, heme utilization, and resistance to acidic stress in Av. paragallinarum . We also uncovered the importance of HutZ for the success of Av. paragallinarum infection and provided new clues to the pathogenesis strategies of this organism. This work constitutes a relevant step toward an understanding of the role of HutZ protein as a master virulence factor. Therefore, this study is of great importance for understanding the mechanisms underlying Av. paragallinarum virulence and may contribute to therapeutic applications.

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“…Recently, IC outbreaks have been reported from multiple states in the US and IC is now considered as an emerging respiratory disease of chickens in the North Eastern US. Since early 2019, several outbreaks of IC have been reported in broilers, layer pullets and laying hens, in Pennsylvania (PA) causing high morbidity with significant respiratory illness and significant production losses (8). IC continues to be reported from adjacent states like Delaware and Maryland and remains a major poultry health concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Sensitive and Specific Probe-Based Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum in Clinical Samples From Poultry

et al. 2021

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Avibacterium paragallinarum (historically called Hemophilus paragallinarum) causes infectious coryza (IC), which is an acute respiratory disease of chickens. Recently, outbreaks of IC have been reported in Pennsylvania (PA) in broilers, layer pullets, and laying hens, causing significant respiratory disease and production losses. A tentative diagnosis of IC can be made based on history, clinical signs, and characteristic gross lesions. However, isolation and identification of the organism are required for a definitive diagnosis. Major challenges with the bacteriological diagnosis of A. paragallinarum include that the organism is difficult to isolate, slow-growing, and can only be successfully isolated during the acute stage of infection and secondary bacterial infections are also common. As there were very limited whole genomes of A. paragallinarum in the public databases, we carried out whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of PA isolates and based on the WGS data analysis; we designed a novel probe-based PCR assay targeting a highly conserved sequence in the recN, the DNA repair protein gene of A. paragallinarum. The assay includes an internal control, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.93 genomic copies. The PCR efficiency ranged between 90 and 97%, and diagnostic sensitivity of 98.5% compared with conventional gel-based PCR. The test was highly specific, and no cross-reactivity was observed with other species of Avibacterium and a range of other common poultry respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens. Real-time PCR testing on 419 clinical samples from suspected flocks yielded 94 positives and 365 negatives in agreement with diagnostic bacterial culture-based detection. We also compared the recN PCR assay with a previous HPG-2 based real-time PCR assay which showed a PCR efficiency of 79%.

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Complete Genome Sequences of Seven Avibacterium paragallinarum Isolates from Poultry Farms in Pennsylvania, USA

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Complete genome sequences generated using hybrid Nanopore-Illumina assembly of two non-typical Avibacterium paragallinarum strains isolated from clinically normal chicken flocks

Complete genome sequences generated using hybrid Nanopore-Illumina assembly of two non-typical Avibacterium paragallinarum strains isolated from clinically normal chicken flocks

HutZ is required for efficient heme utilization and contributes to the pathogenicity of Avibacterium paragallinarum

A Highly Sensitive and Specific Probe-Based Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum in Clinical Samples From Poultry

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