Complete Genomes of Theileria orientalis Chitose and Buffeli Genotypes Reveal within Species Translocations and Differences in ABC Transporter Content

Yam, Jerald; Bogema, Daniel R.; Micallef, Melinda L.; Djordjevic, Steven P.; Jenkins, Cheryl

doi:10.3390/pathogens11070801

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Of these 11 genotypes, only Ikeda and chitose are known to be pathogenic and cause considerable production losses, morbidity, and/or mortality in Australia and New Zealand [15,16] Whole genome sequencing showed the genetic divergence of pathogenic Ikeda compared to less pathogenic Chitose and Buffeli genotypes, and proposed the genotype as a separate species [17]. A recent study in Australia revealed the existence of genetic differences between Chitose and Buffeli [18], further strengthening the above proposition.…”

Section: Classification Of T Orientalismentioning

confidence: 79%

Epidemiology and Transmission of Theileria orientalis in Australasia

Lakew,

Eastwood,

Walkden-Brown

2023

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oriental theileriosis, a disease primarily impacting cattle is caused by an apicomplexan hemoprotozoan parasite, Theileria orientalis. It has now become established in the Australasia region. The organism was long considered a benign cause of persistent infections; however, an increase in clinical outbreaks since 2006 in the eastern Australian states and New Zealand was associated with the identification of the pathogenic Ikeda (Type 2) and Chitose (Type 1) genotypes. Unlike the pathogenic T. parva and T. annulate, which target leucocytes, clinical manifestation with T. orientalis is due to its effects on erythrocytes, with the infection sometimes designated as Theileria associated bovine anemia (TABA). In Australia and New Zealand, the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis is the principal vector, though other Haemaphysalis species are also likely vectors. The endemic status of infection with pathogenic genotypes in areas with low or absent tick populations is an apparent paradox that may be attributable to alternative modes of transmission, such as mechanical transmission by hematophagous insects (lice, mosquitoes, and biting flies), vertical transmission, and transmission via iatrogenic means. This review addresses the evidence for the different modes of transmission of T. orientalis with particular focus on the reported and potential vectors in Australasia.

show abstract

Section: Classification Of T Orientalismentioning

confidence: 79%

Epidemiology and Transmission of Theileria orientalis in Australasia

Lakew,

Eastwood,

Walkden-Brown

2023

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A total of 1061 target proteins (95.3%) were identified that matched either the reference T. orientalis Shintoku genome or related apicomplexan parasites and other protozoans. This represents approximately one quarter of the total predicted proteome of T. orientalis with 4058, 3980 and 3924 genes predicted in the Ikeda, Chitose and Buffeli genomes respectively [ 22 , 23 ]. Approximately three quarters (78%; n = 829) of the proteins identified were aqueous phase proteins, while 22% ( n = 232) were from the detergent phase of the TX-114 extraction, representing membrane-associated and other hydrophobic proteins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ToLocg 1 was also relatively abundant, although much less so (emPAI = 0.55) in the T. orientalis Buffeli aqueous phase. This protein was not identified in the Chitose genotype, and the gene encoding ToLocg 1 is absent from the Chitose genome [ 22 ]. Further investigation of the uncharacterised proteins revealed that the top 7 most abundant aqueous phase proteins in T. orientalis Ikeda (including ToLocg 1), belong to the same orthogroup as defined by Orthofinder [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This protein was not identified in the Chitose genotype, and the gene encoding ToLocg 1 is absent from the Chitose genome [ 22 ]. Further investigation of the uncharacterised proteins revealed that the top 7 most abundant aqueous phase proteins in T. orientalis Ikeda (including ToLocg 1), belong to the same orthogroup as defined by Orthofinder [ 22 ]. Further searches with the EggNOG database v5.0.0 reveal that these seven proteins plus one additional (J4DNX9) match to two EggNOG orthologous groups (ENOG503KE5M and ENOG503KDN3; Figure S3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterisation of the Theileria orientalis Piroplasm Proteome across Three Common Genotypes

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Theileria orientalis is an emerging apicomplexan pathogen of cattle occurring in areas populated by the principal vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. Unlike transforming Theileria spp. that induce cancer-like proliferation of lymphocytes via their schizont stage, T. orientalis destroys host erythrocytes during its piroplasm phase resulting in anaemia. The underlying pathogenic processes of T. orientalis infection are poorly understood; consequently, there are no vaccines for prevention of T. orientalis infection and chemotherapeutic options are limited. To identify antigens expressed during the piroplasm phase of T. orientalis, including those which may be useful targets for future therapeutic development, we examined the proteome across three common genotypes of the parasite (Ikeda, Chitose and Buffeli) using preparations of piroplasms purified from bovine blood. A combination of Triton X-114 extraction, one-dimensional electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS identified a total of 1113 proteins across all genotypes, with less than 3% of these representing host-derived proteins. Just over three quarters of T. orientalis proteins (78%) identified were from the aqueous phase of the TX-114 extraction representing cytosolic proteins, with the remaining 22% from the detergent phase, representing membrane-associated proteins. All enzymes involved in glycolysis were expressed, suggesting that this is the major metabolic pathway used during the T. orientalis piroplasm phase. Proteins involved in binding and breakdown of haemoglobin were also identified, suggesting that T. orientalis uses haemoglobin as a source of amino acids. A number of proteins involved in host cell interaction were also identified which may be suitable targets for the development of chemotherapeutics or vaccines.

show abstract

“…The discrepancy in results from these experimental transmission studies is best explained by variation in vector competence for the different genotypes of T. orientalis , given that the earlier studies were conducted with T. orientalis Buffeli. Indeed, differences in vector competence should be expected, given that T. orientalis genotypes are genetically distinct at the species level [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Clinical Signs, and Risk Factors Associated with Theileriosis in Australian Cattle (2006–2022)

Onizawa,

Jenkins

2024

Pathogens

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For over a decade, bovine anaemia caused by Theileria orientalis Ikeda has been a significant disease in the Australian cattle industry. In this study, we conducted a spatial and temporal analysis of theileriosis in Australia using historic data from submissions to the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI) from 2006 to 2022, where herd history, clinical signs, and PCR results were available. Since the first detections of bovine theileriosis in the Sydney area in 2006, the disease spread north- and southward and is now endemic to the southeast coast of Australia, closely mirroring the distribution of the principal vector Haemaphysalis longicornis. Across all years, the prevalence of the Ikeda genotype was 88%, while the prevalence of the benign Chitose and Buffeli genotypes was 55% and 38%, respectively. The majority of submissions were from beef cattle in coastal NSW, with anaemia, fever, jaundice, abortion, and lethargy the most frequently reported clinical signs. Transportation was identified as the major risk factor for disease. Until 2015, the majority of cases were reported in adult cattle, while in later years, calves made up the majority of cases, most likely due to the widespread acquisition of immunity in adults. Calves were significantly more likely to present with diarrhoea, lethargy, and anaemia, and to suffer mortality, while adults were significantly more likely to present with jaundice. Instances of abortion were observed to be significantly associated with beef cattle. The relationship between the level of parasitaemia and anaemia revealed a strong negative correlation for all animals examined.

show abstract

Complete Genomes of Theileria orientalis Chitose and Buffeli Genotypes Reveal within Species Translocations and Differences in ABC Transporter Content

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Epidemiology and Transmission of Theileria orientalis in Australasia

Epidemiology and Transmission of Theileria orientalis in Australasia

Characterisation of the Theileria orientalis Piroplasm Proteome across Three Common Genotypes

Epidemiology, Clinical Signs, and Risk Factors Associated with Theileriosis in Australian Cattle (2006–2022)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About