Complete mitochondrial genome of sea urchin:Mesocentrotus nudus(Strongylocentrotidae, Echinoida)

Abstract

The complete nucleotide of mitochondrial DNA of a sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus was determined for the first time. It is 15,709 bp in length, containing 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA and 13 protein-coding genes generally found in other echinoderm species. The gene order and structure of the genome are identical to those of other Strongylocentrotidae species. The genome was composed of 29.3% A, 23.4% C, 29.5% T and 17.8% G, showing a slight AT bias (58.8%). The G is the least used base and markedly lower at the third codon position (12.74%). Twelve of the 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes use ATG as their start codon while the ATP8 gene starts with GTG. The control region is 125 bp in length and contains a G-stretch of 19 nucleotides, a typical DNA structure of the echinoid mitochondrial genomes.

Characterization of the Antarctic sea urchin (Sterechinus neumayeri) transcriptome and mitogenome: a molecular resource for phylogenetics, ecophysiology and global change biology

“…The overall nucleotide composition of the S. neumayeri mitogenome showed the same A+T content (60.2%) as the other two sea urchins of the family Echinidae (P. lividus and L. albus) (Cantatore et al 1989;Jung & Lee 2014). This A+T bias was higher, however, than other sequenced echinoideans (Jacobs et al 1988;Perseke et al 2010;Jung et al 2013) with the exception of A. lixula (62.5%) (De Giorgi et al 1996). The most frequent stop codon is TAA with nine PCGs followed by TAG with four PCGs.…”

“…; Jung & Lee ; Jung et al . ; Kober & Bernardi ). The biogeography of the cosmopolitan species E chinocardium cordatum is not shown, as it spans most of the world's temperate regions.…”

“…Arrows indicate the transcription direction. (Cantatore et al 1989), smaller than those described for L. albus (139 bp) (Jung & Lee 2014) and Arbacia lixula (136 bp) (De Giorgi et al 1996), but larger than those described in Echinocardium cordatum (128 bp) (Perseke et al 2010) and the sea urchins of the family Strongylocentrotidae (121-125 bp) (Jacobs et al 1988;Jung et al 2013;Kober & Bernardi 2013). The overall nucleotide composition of the S. neumayeri mitogenome showed the same A+T content (60.2%) as the other two sea urchins of the family Echinidae (P. lividus and L. albus) (Cantatore et al 1989;Jung & Lee 2014).…”

“…; Jung et al . ; Kober & Bernardi ). The overall nucleotide composition of the S. neumayeri mitogenome showed the same A+T content (60.2%) as the other two sea urchins of the family Echinidae ( P. lividus and L. albus ) (Cantatore et al .…”

Rates and relations of mitochondrial genome evolution across the Echinoidea, with special focus on the superfamily Odontophora

“…In total, 12 complete MT genomes of echinoids were acquired from NCBI Genbank. This included Arbacia lixula (, De Giorgi, Martiradonna, Lanave, & Saccone, ), Paracentrotus lividus (, Cantatore, Roberti, Rainaldi, Gadaleta, & Saccone, ), Loxechinus albus (, Jung & Lee, ), Sterechinus neumayeri (, Dilly, Gaitn‐Espitia, & Hofmann, ), Heliocidaris crassispina (, Jung, Kim, & Lee, ), Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (, Jung, Choi, Myoung, & Lee, ), Mesocentrotus franciscanus (, Gaitan‐Espitia & Hofmann, ), Mesocentrotus nudus (, Jung, Choi, Pae, & Lee, ), Pseudocentrotus depressus (), Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (, Jacobs, Elliott, Math, & Farquharson, ; Qureshi & Jacobs, ; Valverde, Marco, & Garesse, ), S. droebachiensis (), S. pallidus (), and S. intermedius (). Initially the MT genome of Temnopleurus hardwickii (, Fu, Liu, & Zeng, ), from the family Temnopleuridae, was included in the analysis.…”