Complete mitochondrial genome of the Five-dot Sergeant <I>Parathyma sulpitia</I> (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae) and its phylogenetic implications

Abstract

Abstract:The complete mitochondrial genome of the Parathyma sulpitia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae) was determined. The entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule was 15 268 bp in size. Its gene content and organization were the same as those of other lepidopteran species, except for the presence of the 121 bp long intergenic spacer between trnS1(AGN) and trnE. The 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) started with the typical ATN codon, with the exception of the cox1 gene that used CGA as its initial codon. In addition, all protein-coding genes terminated at the common stop codon TAA, except the nad4 gene which used a single T as its terminating codon. All 22 tRNA genes possessed the typical clover leaf secondary structure except for trnS1(AGN), which had a simple loop with the absence of the DHU stem. Excluding the A+T-rich region, the mtDNA genome of P. sulpitia harbored 11 intergenic spacers, the longest of which was 121 bp long with the highest A+T content (100%), located between trnS1(AGN) and trnE. As in other lepidopteran species, there was an 18-bp poly-T stretch at the 3'-end of the A+T-rich region, and there were a few short microsatellite-like repeat regions without conspicuous macro-repeats in the A+T-rich region. The phylogenetic analyses of the published complete mt genomes from nine Nymphalidae species were conducted using the concatenated sequences of 13 PCGs with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results indicated that Limenitidinae was a sister to the Heliconiinae among the main Nymphalidae lineages in this study, strongly supporting the results of previous molecular data, while contradicting speculations based on morphological characters.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of the Fenton′s wood white, Leptidea morsei, and the lemon emigrant, Catopsilia pomona

“…All tRNAs could be folded into the typical clover leaf secondary structure, whereas tRNA Ser (AGN) in both mitochondrial genomes lacked the dihydrouridine (DHU) loop. This feature has been shown in the majority of metazoan mitogenomes, including all those sequenced from butterflies ( Kim, I. et al 2006 ; Hong, G. Y. et al 2009 ; Hu et al 2010;Kim, M. I. et al 2009 ; Xia et al 2011;Wang et al 2011; Kim, M. J. et al 2010, 2011a, 2011b; Chen et al 2012; Shi et al 2012; Tian et al 2012 ). The anticodon for tRNA Ser (AGN) in mitogenomes of butterfly species was either TCT, GCT, or ACT, whereas only GCT was detected in all other sequenced mitogenomes of pierid species ( P. rapae, A. crataegi , D. hyparete , and A. melete ) ( Hong, G. Y. et al 2009 , Mao et al 2010 , Park et al 2012 , Shi et al 2012 ).…”

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…All tRNAs could be folded into the typical clover leaf secondary structure, whereas tRNA Ser (AGN) in both mitochondrial genomes lacked the dihydrouridine (DHU) loop. This feature has been shown in the majority of metazoan mitogenomes, including all those sequenced from butterflies (Kim, I. et al 2006;Hong, G. Y. et al 2009;Hu et al 2010;Kim, M. I. et al 2009;Xia et al 2011;Wang et al 2011;Kim, M. J. et al 2010Kim, M. J. et al , 2011aKim, M. J. et al , 2011bChen et al 2012;Shi et al 2012;Tian et al 2012 (Table 2).…”

鳞翅目昆虫比较线粒体基因组学研究进展

“…cox1 基因起始密码子 较复杂, 例如, 家蚕为 UUUUAG [13] , 亚洲玉米螟、 欧 洲玉米螟为 UAUUAG [14] , 苎麻珍蝶为 UUG [19] , 朝灰 蝶为 UUAG [22] . 最近一项来自不吉按蚊转录本的证 据支持 UCG [51] , 而大多数鳞翅目物种 [12,16,23,42] , 包括 来自豆荚螟的表达序列标签数据都支持 CGA. 因此, 认同 CGA 作为 cox1 基因起始密码子的研究占大多 数 [12] .…”

“…PCG 终止密码子为 UAA, 某些基因则以不完 全的 U 或 UA 作为转录终止信号 [13] . 例如, 人支蝠蛾 nad2, cox1, cox2, nad3, nad5 基因为 U, 而其 atp6, nad4L, nad6 基因为 UA; 云南蝠蛾 cox1, cox2, nad3, nad5 基因为 U, 而 atp6, nad4L, nad6 基因为 UA [12] ; 野桑蚕和家蚕 cox1, cox2 基因为 U [13] ; 亚洲玉米螟和 欧洲玉米螟 cox2, atp6 基因分别为 U, UA [14] ; 柞蚕 cox1, cox2, nad3, nad5 基因为 U, atp6 基因为 UA [15] ; 残锷线蛱蝶 nad4 基因为 U [16] ; 黑纹粉蝶 cox1, cox2, nad2, nad5 基因为 U, nad3 基因为 UAG [23] . 一般认为, 不完全终止子 U, UA 在转录后经聚腺苷酸化(posttranscriptional polyadenylation)形成完整的 UAA 终止 子 [52,53] .…”