Complete Nucleotide Sequence of
            <i>cfr</i>
            -Carrying IncX4 Plasmid pSD11 from Escherichia coli

Sun, Jian; Deng, Hui; Li, Liang; Chen, Muya; Fang, Liang‐Xing; Yang, Qiue; Liao, Xiao‐Ping

doi:10.1128/aac.04388-14

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A 2,130-bp amplicon containing the cfr gene and one intact IS26 was obtained from FSEC-02 by inverse PCR, suggesting that this cfr-carrying segment might be looped out via IS26-mediated recombination. To date, 18 cfr-carrying Gram-negative bacterial isolates, including the two E. coli isolates from this study, have been reported, and in 17 of them, the cfr gene was bracketed by two copies of IS26 (5,6,(8)(9)(10). This is further evidence that IS26 plays a role in the dissemination of the cfr gene in Gram-negative bacteria, not only for insertion into different types of plasmids but also for integration into the chromosomal DNA.…”

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confidence: 60%

“…While the cfr gene is found mainly in Gram-positive bacteria (4), it has also been detected in two species of Gram-negative bacteria, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli, during recent years (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Here, we report IS26-flanked cfr genes from porcine E. coli are located either on a plasmid that most likely originated from the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora or in the chromosomal DNA.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Characterization of a cfr -Carrying Plasmid from Porcine Escherichia coli That Closely Resembles Plasmid pEA3 from the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Rong-ming

Sun

Wang

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The multiresistance gene cfr was found in two porcine Escherichia coli isolates, one harboring it on the conjugative 33,885-bp plasmid pFSEC-01, the other harboring it in the chromosomal DNA. Sequence analysis of pFSEC-01 revealed that a 6,769-bp fragment containing the cfr gene bracketed by two IS26 elements was inserted into a plasmid closely related to pEA3 from the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora, suggesting that pFSEC-01 may be transferred between different bacterial genera of both animal and plant origin. The multiresistance gene cfr confers resistance to phenicols, lincosamides, pleuromutilins, streptogramin, and oxazolidinones and decreased susceptibility to the 16-membered macrolides spiramycin and josamycin (1-3). While the cfr gene is found mainly in Gram-positive bacteria (4), it has also been detected in two species of Gram-negative bacteria, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli, during recent years (5-10). Here, we report IS26-flanked cfr genes from porcine E. coli are located either on a plasmid that most likely originated from the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora or in the chromosomal DNA.During July and August 2013, a total of 396 samples were collected from the lungs of diseased animals (pigs, n ϭ 334; chickens, n ϭ 40; ducks, n ϭ 22) at an animal diagnostic laboratory at Foshan University, Foshan City, Guangdong, China. A total of 64 E. coli isolates grew on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with 10 mg/liter florfenicol. Of these, only two isolates, FSEC-01 and FSEC-02, which were obtained from swine suffering from pneumonia and sepsis, respectively, that originated from two different pig farms were positive for the cfr gene by PCR as described previously (11, 12).In vitro susceptibility testing (13,14) showed that isolates FSEC-01 and FSEC-02 were resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and streptomycin and also had high MIC values of florfenicol (128 g/ml). Isolate FSEC-02 also exhibited resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole. In addition to harboring the cfr gene, both isolates harbored the phenicol exporter gene floR, the ␤-lactam resistance gene bla TEM-1 , and the tetracycline resistance gene tet(A). Isolate FSEC-01 also carried the aminoglycoside resistance gene aacC2 and the ␤-lactam resistance gene bla CTX-M-65 , whereas isolate FSEC-02 also harbored the aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(3)-VI, aadA2, aacC3, strA, and strB, the sulfonamide resistance gene sul2, and the ␤-lactam resistance gene bla (Table 1). S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern blot analysis (15) showed that the cfr gene was located on an ϳ34-kb plasmid, designated pFSEC-01, in isolate FSEC-01 and in the chromosomal DNA of isolate FSEC-02 (see Fig. S1 in the supplemental material). Conjugation experiments by filter mating (15) using isolate FSEC-01 as the donor and E. coli C600 as the recipient proved to be successful. The transconjugant, designated EC-600-FS-01, which harbored only the cfr-carrying plasmid pFSEC-01, was negative fo...

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confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization of a cfr -Carrying Plasmid from Porcine Escherichia coli That Closely Resembles Plasmid pEA3 from the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Rong-ming

Sun

Wang

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…30 kb in E. coli isolates from pigs (204). The complete sequence of the 37,672-bp plasmid pSD11, again from E. coli of porcine origin in China, was reported by Sun and colleagues (205). The colocation of cfr with the ESBL gene bla CTX-M-14b on the 41,646-bp plasmid pGXEC3 from a porcine E. coli isolate was reported in 2015 (206).…”

Section: Resistance To Phenicolsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Antimicrobial Resistance inEscherichia coli

et al. 2018

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Multidrug resistance in has become a worrying issue that is increasingly observed in human but also in veterinary medicine worldwide. is intrinsically susceptible to almost all clinically relevant antimicrobial agents, but this bacterial species has a great capacity to accumulate resistance genes, mostly through horizontal gene transfer. The most problematic mechanisms in correspond to the acquisition of genes coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins), carbapenemases (conferring resistance to carbapenems), 16S rRNA methylases (conferring pan-resistance to aminoglycosides), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (conferring resistance to [fluoro]quinolones), and genes (conferring resistance to polymyxins). Although the spread of carbapenemase genes has been mainly recognized in the human sector but poorly recognized in animals, colistin resistance in seems rather to be related to the use of colistin in veterinary medicine on a global scale. For the other resistance traits, their cross-transfer between the human and animal sectors still remains controversial even though genomic investigations indicate that extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers encountered in animals are distinct from those affecting humans. In addition, of animal origin often also show resistances to other-mostly older-antimicrobial agents, including tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fosfomycin. Plasmids, especially multiresistance plasmids, but also other mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and gene cassettes in class 1 and class 2 integrons, seem to play a major role in the dissemination of resistance genes. Of note, coselection and persistence of resistances to critically important antimicrobial agents in human medicine also occurs through the massive use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine, such as tetracyclines or sulfonamides, as long as all those determinants are located on the same genetic elements.

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“…Many studies showed the wide dissemination of mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates, mostly in animals (14,23). Finally, the IncX4-type plasmids that are often identified as supporting the mcr-1 gene were identified in enterobacterial strains recovered from pigs, regardless of the presence of mcr-1 (24,25).…”

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Moraxella Species as Potential Sources of MCR-Like Polymyxin Resistance Determinants

Kieffer

Nordmann

Poirel

2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Plasmid-mediated resistance to polymyxins mediated by the MCR-1/2 determinants has been reported in Enterobacteriaceae worldwide. Using PCR-based and cloning strategies, a series of Moraxella spp. were screened for mcr-like genes. Moraxella spp. that are mainly animal pathogens but may also be human pathogens were identified as potential reservoirs of mcr-like genes.KEYWORDS polymyxin, plasmid, resistance, reservoir, animal, MCR R esistance to polymyxins in Enterobacteriaceae results mostly from chromosomal mutations in genes involved in modification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1, 2). In particular, it has been shown that mutations, truncations, or insertions into genes encoding LPS-modifying enzymes may be responsible for acquired resistance to polymyxins in Enterobacteriaceae (1, 3, 4), Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1, 5). However, the plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance determinant MCR-1 was recently found in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from humans and animals in China (6). The mcr-1 gene has been reported worldwide in other enterobacterial genera, including Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella (7-11). This resistance was identified in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various animal species, including cattle, chicken, and pigs (12-14), and from river samples and vegetables (15).MCR-1 is a 541-amino-acid phosphoethanolamine transferase that adds phosphoethanolamine to the lipid A moiety of LPS, leading to a more cationic LPS structure and consequently to resistance to polymyxins (6). Recently, the MCR-2 protein (538 amino acids long, 81% amino acid identity with MCR-1) was identified in Belgium from colistin-resistant E. coli (16). Additionally, the MCR-1.2 and MCR-1.3 variants (both exhibiting single amino acid substitutions versus MCR-1) were identified in Italy and China, respectively (17,18). Several plasmid types carrying the mcr-1 gene, belonging to the IncI2, IncHI2, or IncX4 incompatibility groups, have been identified (8,10,12). In addition, the mcr-1.2 and mcr-2 genes were found on IncX4 plasmid scaffolds (16,17).It is often suggested that animals treated with polymyxins represent a significant reservoir of polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative isolates, particularly MCR-producing isolates (19). In fact, polymyxins are heavily used in veterinary medicine, and Europeans, particularly in Spain and Italy, have a high consumption of those antibiotics for food-producing animals (20). The frequent identification of MCR-1-producing isolates from animals further supports the hypothesis that the animal world might be the primary source of this resistance determinant.

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Complete Nucleotide Sequence of cfr -Carrying IncX4 Plasmid pSD11 from Escherichia coli

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Characterization of a cfr -Carrying Plasmid from Porcine Escherichia coli That Closely Resembles Plasmid pEA3 from the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Characterization of a cfr -Carrying Plasmid from Porcine Escherichia coli That Closely Resembles Plasmid pEA3 from the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Antimicrobial Resistance inEscherichia coli

Moraxella Species as Potential Sources of MCR-Like Polymyxin Resistance Determinants

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