Complete Volumetric Decomposition of Individual Trabecular Plates and Rods and Its Morphological Correlations With Anisotropic Elastic Moduli in Human Trabecular Bone

Liu, X. Sherry; Sajda, Paul; Saha, Punam K.; Wehrli, Félix W.; Bevill, Grant; Keaveny, Tony M.; Guo, X. Edward

doi:10.1359/jbmr.071009

Cited by 217 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous studies using ITS analyses have demonstrated plate-like trabeculae to be the predominant contributor to mechanical competence of trabecular bone, and mechanical loading was mainly sustained by axially aligned trabeculae (17)(18). In accordance with the observations from femoral neck, tibia and vertebral body, we also found that pBV/TV correlated with axial elastic moduli as strongly as the BV/TV of the intertrochanteric trabecular bone.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…We developed individual trabecula segmentation (ITS)-based morphological analysis, which resolved threedimensional (3D) trabecular bone image into individual trabeculae and provided explicit morphological evaluation for trabecular plates and rods. We have shown that trabecular plates and rods of different orientations had distinct roles in mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of trabecular bone (17)(18)(19). Also, ITS analysis has revealed the key differences between Caucasian American and Chinese American skeleton, demonstrating that higher plate/rod ratio accounted for reduced fracture risk in Chinese Americans in spite of similar aBMD (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Then, the entire skeleton was decomposed into individual plate and rod skeletons with each skeletal voxel uniquely classified as either a plate or a rod type based on digital topological classification (23). Using an iterative reconstruction method, each voxel of the original image was classified as belonging to either an individual plate or rod (Figure 1) (18).…”

Section: Its-based Morphological Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Trabecular Plate Loss and Deteriorating Elastic Modulus of Femoral Trabecular Bone in Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures

et al. 2013

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Osteoporotic hip fracture is associated with significant trabecular bone loss, which is typically characterized as low bone density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and altered microstructure by micro-computed tomography (µCT). Emerging morphological analysis techniques, e.g. individual trabecula segmentation (ITS), can provide additional insights into changes in plate-like and rod-like trabeculae, two major microstructural types serving different roles in determining bone strength. Using ITS, we evaluated trabecular microstructure of intertrochanteric bone cores obtained from 23 patients undergoing hip replacement surgery for intertrochanteric fracture and 22 cadaveric controls. Micro-finite element (µFE) analyses were performed to further understand how the abnormalities seen by ITS might translate into effects on bone strength. ITS analyses revealed that, near fracture site, plate-like trabeculae were seriously depleted in fracture patients, but trabecular rod volume was maintained. Besides, decreased plate area and rod length were observed in fracture patients. Fracture patients also showed decreased elastic moduli and shear moduli of trabecular bone. These results provided evidence that in intertrochanteric hip fracture, preferential loss of plate-like trabeculae led to more rod-like microstructure and deteriorated mechanical competence adjacent to the fracture site, which increased our understanding of the biomechanical pathogenesis of hip fracture in osteoporosis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Its-based Morphological Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trabecular Plate Loss and Deteriorating Elastic Modulus of Femoral Trabecular Bone in Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures

et al. 2013

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“…37 Isotropic material behavior was assumed, while cortical and trabecular bone are anisotropic. 38,39 As such, the model only reflected changes in stiffness as related to changes in bone architecture for these simplified loading conditions. For this comparative study, however, this was considered sufficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bone loss induced by ovariectomy and neurectomy in rats analyzed by in vivo micro‐CT

Brouwers

Lambers

Rietbergen

et al. 2009

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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ABSTRACT:We hypothesized that osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency progresses faster than due to disuse and that at the same amount of bone loss, disuse leads to less favorable bone structure and mechanical properties than estrogen deficiency. Adult rats were either ovariectomized (OVX) (n ¼ 9) or neurectomized (NX) (n ¼ 8). At week 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, in vivo micro-CT scans were made of the proximal tibia. Segmented CT-scans at weeks 0 and 4 were used to build a 3D voxel-based micro finite element model (FEM). Displacement in the longitudinal direction was prescribed at the proximal end leading to a compression step of 1%. The severe reduction in metaphyseal bone volume fraction was not significantly different between OVX and NX. Epiphyseal bone loss was less severe in both groups, and BV/TV was significantly lower after NX. Trabecular separation and degree of anisotropy in the metaphysis and connectivity and trabecular number in the epiphysis were significantly more deteriorated after NX. FEM-derived stiffness decreased in both groups, but more after NX. Osteoporosis due to estrogen-deficiency progressed overall at a rate similar to osteoporosis due to disuse. At the same amount of induced bone loss, disuse led to more deteriorated bone structure and mechanical properties than estrogen deficiency. Keywords: estrogen deficiency; disuse; osteoporosis; rats; in vivo micro-CT Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease that can develop with reduced estrogen levels during and after menopause and after long periods of disuse. The rat has been used to study osteoporosis, with estrogen deficiency-associated bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX), 1-4 and disuse-associated bone loss induced by sciatic neurectomy (NX), tail suspension, or leg taping. 5,6 Both can severely deteriorate bone structure in these models. Differences exist in cellular activity with these forms of bone loss. 7,8 OVX leads to an increased bone formation and resorption rate, disuse leads to decreased turnover rates and increased bone resorption. [9][10][11] This would suggest that bone loss after OVX might proceed faster than that resulting from disuse.Differences also exist in the resulting deterioration of bone mass and microstructure. 9-17 After estrogen deficiency, bone loss is concentrated in the central part of the metaphysis, whereas disuse leads to overall bone loss. 11,13,17 This finding supports the hypothesis that OVX-induced estrogen deficiency increases the mechanostat threshold, 9 leading to low loaded regions being resorbed first, whereas the main loaded structures would remain. With disuse, however, all bone tissue is unloaded, so a more random pattern of bone loss would be expected. 9 This would suggest that disuse-induced osteoporosis would lead to a more severe loss of the main trabecular structures and thus a more severe loss of stiffness and strength in the main loading direction. Upon reloading, distribution of loads in immobilized bones would be very inhomogeneous, because the adaptation to the loading direction is lost. ...

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“…1,2 However, additional factors, such as degree of mineralization, preexisting microdamage, and collagen cross-link profile may also play a role, yet the contribution of these factors to human trabecular bone mechanical properties remains incompletely understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of preexisting microdamage, collagen cross‐links, degree of mineralization, age, and architecture on compressive mechanical properties of elderly human vertebral trabecular bone

Follet

Viguet-Carrin

Burt‐Pichat

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Previous studies have shown that the mechanical properties of trabecular bone are determined by bone volume fraction (BV/ TV) and microarchitecture. The purpose of this study was to explore other possible determinants of the mechanical properties of vertebral trabecular bone, namely collagen cross-link content, microdamage, and mineralization. Trabecular bone cores were collected from human L2 vertebrae (n ¼ 49) from recently deceased donors 54-95 years of age (21 men and 27 women). Two trabecular cores were obtained from each vertebra, one for preexisting microdamage and mineralization measurements, and one for BV/TV and quasi-static compression tests. Collagen cross-link content (PYD, DPD, and PEN) was measured on surrounding trabecular bone. Advancing age was associated with impaired mechanical properties, and with increased microdamage, even after adjustment by BV/TV. BV/TV was the strongest determinant of elastic modulus and ultimate strength (r 2 ¼ 0.44 and 0.55, respectively). Microdamage, mineralization parameters, and collagen cross-link content were not associated with mechanical properties. These data indicate that the compressive strength of human vertebral trabecular bone is primarily determined by the amount of trabecular bone, and notably unaffected by normal variation in other factors, such as crosslink profile, microdamage and mineralization. Keywords: bone strength; microdamage; microarchitecture; mineralization; collagen cross-links; vertebral trabecular bone Several studies have shown that the mechanical properties of trabecular bone are influenced by bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and microarchitecture. 1,2 However, additional factors, such as degree of mineralization, preexisting microdamage, and collagen cross-link profile may also play a role, yet the contribution of these factors to human trabecular bone mechanical properties remains incompletely understood.Increased mineralization of cortical bone is exponentially related to increased stiffness, but decreased energy absorption. 3 A similar trend was seen in human trabecular bone from the calcaneus, with a positive relationship between mineralization and elastic modulus, after adjusting for BV/TV. 4 It has also been suggested that a reduction in the heterogeneity of mineralization density distribution leads to increased bone fragility, 5 but there are few data to support this assertion.Microdamage has been largely studied in animal models and in human cortical bone, with only a few studies reporting microdamage in human trabecular bone either naturally occurring 6-11 or due to loading ex-vivo. 12 In cortical bone, microdamage accumulation leads to decreased mechanical properties, 13,14 and therefore has been implicated in skeletal fragility and stress fractures. 15 However, the association between microdamage and cortical bone fracture toughness was weak, 16 raising questions as to the role of microdamage in cortical bone. Increased microdamage has also been associated with decreased strength in human vertebral cancellous bone; 1...

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Complete Volumetric Decomposition of Individual Trabecular Plates and Rods and Its Morphological Correlations With Anisotropic Elastic Moduli in Human Trabecular Bone

Cited by 217 publications

References 33 publications

Trabecular Plate Loss and Deteriorating Elastic Modulus of Femoral Trabecular Bone in Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures

Trabecular Plate Loss and Deteriorating Elastic Modulus of Femoral Trabecular Bone in Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures

Comparison of bone loss induced by ovariectomy and neurectomy in rats analyzed by in vivo micro‐CT

Effects of preexisting microdamage, collagen cross‐links, degree of mineralization, age, and architecture on compressive mechanical properties of elderly human vertebral trabecular bone

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