Completed suicides and self-harm in Malaysia: a systematic review

Incidence of Suicide by Hanging in Klang Valley from 2007 to 2016

“…The data also showed that males have a higher tendency to commit suicide by hanging as compared to females, as noted by previous studies (Armitage et al 2015;Hayati et al 2004). However, females had higher rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts which rarely lead to death, thus explaining why they had lower number of fatalities in suicide (Canetto 2008;Schmidtke et al 1996).…”

“…This shows that males (79%) were more prone to commit suicide by hanging compared to females (21%). Based on Armitage et al (2015) and Hayati et al (2014), males have a higher tendency to commit suicide as compared to females who have suicidal ideation and suicide attempts which rarely lead to death.…”

“…Not only that, suicidal behavior in Malaysia is associated with interpersonal conflict and this is further accentuated in urban setting. Numerous societal changes as the country push towards being a developed country by year 2020, increased urbanization and led the population into a state of 'anomie', where the accustomed relationship of an individual and their society is suddenly shattered, heightening interpersonal conflict (Armitage et al 2015).…”

“…Besides that, program on protective mechanisms such as building self-confidence, interpersonal solving skills and social support should be promoted to individual of all ages. Social support should include family social support to help coping mechanism, access and involvement of faith leaders from religious bodies as high religiosity confers a protective factor against suicidal behavior (Armitage et al 2015).…”

Association of Suicidal Ideation with Demographic, Lifestyle and Health Factors in Malaysians

“…Men are more likely than women to die by suicide, according to a systematic review study in Malaysia. 29 There are ethnic differences in suicidal ideation as well as socioeconomic differences across ethnicities in suicidal ideation in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 10 In Malaysia, Indians are more likely than Malays or Chinese to attempt suicide and to die by suicide.…”