Complex Additives on the Basis of Red Mud for Intensification of Iron‐Ore Sintering and Pelletizing

Podgorodetskiy, Gennadiy; Gorbunov, V. B.; Panov, А. V.; Петров, С. Н.; Gorbachev, Sergey

doi:10.1002/9781119093435.ch20

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The bauxite residue material is also wet and has a high sodium content which is a disadvantage in steel production. Recent research in Russia using low alkaline bauxite residue and bentonite has been very effective in raising the iron content, improving agglomeration quality and thereby giving greater yields in the production of iron ore pellets [51].…”

Section: Iron and Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History, Challenges, and New Developments in the Management and Use of Bauxite Residue

Evans¹

2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

380

225

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The paper serves to briefly review the disposal and storage of bauxite residue from the late nineteenth century and discusses how the environmental aspects of storage and disposal have changed. The paper describes some of the remediation/rehabilitation trends and describes the success of a soil-free approach in Jamaica. The paper further discusses the development of uses for bauxite residue over the same period. In spite of over a century of effort looking for uses, over 1200 patents and hundreds of technically successful trials, less than 4 million tonnes of the 150 million tonnes of bauxite residue produced annually is used in a productive way. A large proportion of material that is used is in China and driven by government pressure. This paper discusses the barriers and why the technical successes do not always translate into largescale uses. The most successful large-scale uses are reviewed and include cement production, raw material for iron and steel manufacture, manufacture of building materials, landfill capping, road construction, and soil amelioration. Some of the more recent promising developments are also presented.

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Section: Iron and Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History, Challenges, and New Developments in the Management and Use of Bauxite Residue

Evans¹

2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

380

225

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“…Red mud (RM) is the tailing produced during the extraction of alumina from bauxite ore using the Bayers process. In this process, bauxite ore is digested with sodium hydroxide to produce alumina which leads to the formation of huge amounts of tailing assigned as red mud [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In total global red mud production in 2019 was approximately 4 billion tones [21,31,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, using RM instead of bentonite in the sintering of iron ore contributes to a 5% increase in the productivity of sintering machines. Podgorodetskiy et al [20] claimed that increasing low alkaline red mud in the sintering of iron ore promoted the formation of the crystal ferritic phase which leads to an increase in the sinter strength and decrease of agglomerate attrition. In Greece, the technology of multiple red mud recycling to obtain pig iron and mineral wool for use in the construction industry was studied on a pilot-plant scale [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study the Recycling of Red Mud in Iron Ore Sintering Process

Khalifa¹,

Bazhin²,

Kuskova³

et al. 2021

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Red mud (RM), the by-product generated during the alumina extraction process, is considered a valuable secondary raw material, since iron (20-54%) represents its major constituent. Accordingly, the suitability of recycling this RM in the sintering process of Egyptian iron ore was studied. The effect of adding different amounts of RM to the sinter charge mixture (0-10 wt.%) on the sintering process performance as well as the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the produced sinter was investigated. The results revealed that increasing the amount of red mud in the sinter charge mixture leads to a high improvement in the strength of the produced sinter till reaching a maximum at 7% addition, which deteriorates thereafter. Meanwhile, owing to the fine nature of the red mud, increasing its contents in the sinter charge mixture leads to reduced speed of the sintering process, which consequently affects the productivity at the blast furnace yard. The sinter produced with the addition of 3% red mud shows the highest reducibility. These results indicate the suitability of recycling RM in the Egyptian iron ore sintering process with an amount not higher than 3 wt.% of the total sinter mixture charge.

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“…Кроме этого, в производстве чугуна и стали наблюдаются тенденции утилизации более дешевых топливных отходов и железосодержащих материалов и использовании их в качестве оборотного шихтового сырья [16][17][18]. Существует несколько апробированных технологий для извлечения железа из красного шлама [17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]: высокоинтенсивная магнитная сепарация, контролируемое газовое восстановление водородом, карботермическое восстановление, восстановительное спекание с солями натрия при высокой температуре, плавка в плазменном реакторе с удлиненной дугой, выщелачивание щавелевой кислотой и др.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Improving the efficiency of the carbothermal reduction of red mud by microwave treatment

Khalifa¹,

Бажин²,

Шалаби³

et al. 2021

jour

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In this work, we studied the effect of microwave treatment of red mud briquettes containting more than 48% of Fe on the process of iron reduction under various conditions of heat treatment. Research samples were collected from red mud formed during the production of alumina from bauxite at the Ural Aluminum Smelter. The chemical composition of mud samples was examined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The composition of initial mud and that of agglomerates obtained after treatment in microwave and muffle furnaces was studied using the X-ray diffraction method. Phase transitions and structural changes occurring under the effect of heating were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental briquettes comprising red mud and charcoal were treated at 850°C and 1000°C in a microwave furnace (under the frequency of 2.45 GHz and the power of 900 W). For reference, briquettes of analogous composition were heat-treated in a muffle furnace under the same conditions. It was found that, under the conditions of microwave heating to 1000°C for 10 min, hematite is completely reduced to metallic iron after the addition of wustite. An analysis of the m i-crostructure of the samples after microwave treatment showed that the particles of metallic iron in the as-obtained pellet-agglomerates have a larger size than in those after conventional thermal heating in a muffle furnace. The metallized phases of reduced iron at the end of heat treatment in a microwave furnace create a stable durable body of agglomerates. The evidence-based parameters of the process can become a basis for designing a technology for recycling such an industrial material as red mud. The obtained high-strength pellets from red mud with a high content of reduced iron (up to 85%) may be used as an alternative charge material for ferrous metallurgy. The proposed technology for recycling red mud into pellet-agglomerates can be applied in various industries to reduce environmental impact on the production areas of alumina plants.

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Complex Additives on the Basis of Red Mud for Intensification of Iron‐Ore Sintering and Pelletizing

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The History, Challenges, and New Developments in the Management and Use of Bauxite Residue

The History, Challenges, and New Developments in the Management and Use of Bauxite Residue

Study the Recycling of Red Mud in Iron Ore Sintering Process

Improving the efficiency of the carbothermal reduction of red mud by microwave treatment

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