Complex crop rotations improve organic nitrogen cycling

Breza, Lauren C.; Mooshammer, Maria; Bowles, Timothy M.; Jin, Virginia L.; Schmer, Marty R.; Thompson, Bennett; Grandy, A. Stuart

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108911

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…It is expected that the declines in Fu FAs and Ac FAs in response to the legacy effect of chemical fertilization were detected in the early growing season ( Figures 2H , I ). In the studied rotation system, the former crop was maize, and it did not have the ability to recruit N-fixers; its N requirement came from N fertilization ( Breza et al, 2023 ). To some extent, crops and microorganisms have a competitive relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil nitrogen availability and microbial carbon use efficiency are dependent more on chemical fertilization than winter drought in a maize–soybean rotation system

Bao,

He,

Han

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Soil nitrogen (N) availability is one of the limiting factors of crop productivity, and it is strongly influenced by global change and agricultural management practices. However, very few studies have assessed how the winter drought affected soil N availability during the subsequent growing season under chemical fertilization. We conducted a field investigation involving snow removal to simulate winter drought conditions in a Mollisol cropland in Northeast China as part of a 6-year fertilization experiment, and we examined soil physicochemical properties, microbial characteristics, and N availability. Our results demonstrated that chemical fertilization significantly increased soil ammonium and total N availability by 42.9 and 90.3%, respectively; a combined winter drought and fertilization treatment exhibited the highest soil N availability at the end of the growing season. As the growing season continued, the variation in soil N availability was explained more by fertilization than by winter drought. The Mantel test further indicated that soil Olsen-P content and microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) were significantly related to soil ammonium availability. A microbial community structure explained the largest fraction of the variation in soil nitrate availability. Microbial CUE showed the strongest correlation with soil N availability, followed by soil available C:P and bacteria:fungi ratios under winter drought and chemical fertilization conditions. Overall, we clarified that, despite the weak effect of the winter drought on soil N availability, it cannot be ignored. Our study also identified the important role of soil microorganisms in soil N transformations, even in seasonally snow-covered northern croplands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil nitrogen availability and microbial carbon use efficiency are dependent more on chemical fertilization than winter drought in a maize–soybean rotation system

Bao,

He,

Han

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…In contrast, crop diversification, such as intercropping, enhances the Shannon index of soil microorganisms and increases the archaea abundance. For instance, intercropping grass and bean promotes the abundance of nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying microorganisms involved in the soil carbon and nitrogen cycles [53,55,56]. Studies have demonstrated that increasing the number of crop rotation species significantly increases the number of nodes and edges in the soil microbial network, leading to improved fungal diversity.…”

Section: Cropping Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Microorganisms in Agricultural Fields and Agronomic Regulation Pathways

Wang,

Chai,

Dou

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Agricultural soil microorganisms play a crucial role in farmland ecosystems and are integral to the material cycle in these environments. The composition and abundance of soil microorganisms are influenced by agronomic measures that alter the soil microenvironment. These changes are pivotal to enhancing crop resistance, maximizing yield, and facilitating nutrient cycling in farmlands. Drawing on prior research advancements, this study systematically examined the functions of soil microorganisms, the effects of various agronomic measures on their populations, and the ways in which agronomic measures regulate soil microorganisms, and this article offers a comprehensive study of agricultural influences on microorganisms. Additionally, it outlines key areas for future research on soil microorganisms in farmlands, aiming to provide valuable insights for the sustainable development of farmland ecosystems.

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“…When looking at N fertilizer and water alone we see that N fertilizer additions yield different responses in the literature using varying methods. Additions of N fertilizer have increased Nmin rates relative to zero N (Biau et al, 2012;Ma et al, 1999b (Studt et al, 2021), and yield different responses based on the cropping system (Breza et al, 2023). When considering water alone, Nmin rates tend to be highest when there is adequate soil moisture (Barakat et al, 2016).…”

Section: Post Fertilizer Soil N Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and water availability effects dynamics of soil nitrogen mineralization in a maize system

Donovan,

Comas,

Schneekloth

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Nitrogen (N) fertilizer and water availability can independently stimulate or limit soil N dynamics through direct and indirect processes. Importantly, soil N mineralization (Nmin) is a major N source for maize but affected by N fertilization and water availability. We examined in-situ net Nmin, soil enzyme activity, and maize N uptake in a semiarid region of North America in response to two levels of water availability (100% and 70% crop evapotranspiration, ET) and three levels of N fertilization (22–275 kg ha− 1 capturing low, optimal, and excess N fertilization. Nitrogen mineralization rates peaked relatively early in the growing season leading to asynchrony between soil N supply and plant demand. Later in the season when plant N uptake was highest, Nmin rates were high under low N with full water supply, and high under high N with limited water supply, resulting in an N fertilizer and water interaction. Soil L-leucine amino peptidase (LAP) and β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), which can be indicators of gross Nmin, increased with N fertilizer additions but were not affected by water supply. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this interaction as well as exploring if gross Nmin has a similar response. Maize N uptake increased with N fertilizer additions under both levels of water availability but was higher in the full water supply. In the limited water availability, increased plant N uptake with increased N fertilization did not translate to large grain yield increases highlighting the impact of water stress, especially during grain fill.

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Complex crop rotations improve organic nitrogen cycling

Cited by 23 publications

References 75 publications

Soil nitrogen availability and microbial carbon use efficiency are dependent more on chemical fertilization than winter drought in a maize–soybean rotation system

Soil nitrogen availability and microbial carbon use efficiency are dependent more on chemical fertilization than winter drought in a maize–soybean rotation system

Soil Microorganisms in Agricultural Fields and Agronomic Regulation Pathways

Nitrogen and water availability effects dynamics of soil nitrogen mineralization in a maize system

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