Complex cytogeographical patterns reveal a dynamic tetraploid–octoploid contact zone

Castro, Mariana; Castro, Sílvia; Figueiredo, Albano; Husband, Brian C.; Loureiro, João

doi:10.1093/aobpla/ply012

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…sabularia at south). Spatial segregation between cytotypes has been observed in several other polyploid complexes (e.g., Husband and Schemske, 1998;Balao et al, 2009;Kolář et al, 2009;Sonnleitner et al, 2010;Castro et al, 2012Castro et al, , 2018Casazza et al, 2016;Wefferling et al, 2017). Spatial segregation reduces inter-cytotype interactions and constitutes a physical barrier that prevents gene flow between cytotypes (Segraves and Thompson, 1999;Husband and Schemske, 2000;Baack, 2005;Nuismer and Cunningham, 2005) and weakens frequency-dependent selection on minority cytotypes (Levin, 1975).…”

Section: Parapatric Distribution Of J Maritima Varieties and Cytotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Patterns of Ecological Divergence Between Two Tetraploids and Their Diploid Counterpart in a Parapatric Linear Coastal Distribution Polyploid Complex

et al. 2020

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Frontiers in Plant Science | www.frontiersin.org March 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 315 Castro et al. Ecological Divergence in Diploid-Tetraploid Taxa groups, allowing the study of factors related to post-polyploidization divergence. Thus, whereas changes in environmental requirements may have allowed tetraploid var. sabularia to spread in habitats not favorable to diploids, other factors are involved with the distribution of diploid and tetraploid var. maritima.

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Section: Parapatric Distribution Of J Maritima Varieties and Cytotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Patterns of Ecological Divergence Between Two Tetraploids and Their Diploid Counterpart in a Parapatric Linear Coastal Distribution Polyploid Complex

et al. 2020

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“…1058-5893/2019/18005-0003$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/703127 useful in the fields of systematics, ecology, and plant evolution (García et al 2004;Kron et al 2007;Loureiro et al 2010;Greilhuber and Leitch 2013;Suda et al 2015;Vallejo-Marín and Hiscock 2016;Rey et al 2017). The advent of more robust and high-throughput techniques such as flow cytometry (FCM) has allowed not only the study of genome size at the population level with the screening of a large number of individuals, but also a more accurate evaluation and interpretation of genome size differences (either absolute or relative) among the analyzed individuals Chrtek et al 2017;Castro et al 2018;Oberprieler et al 2018). Cases of homoploid hybridization may particularly benefit from a population-level survey of genome size when differences are sufficient to be detected by current methods (Loureiro et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Size Variation in a Hybridizing Diploid Species Complex in Anacyclus (Asteraceae: Anthemideae)

Agudo

Torices

Loureiro

et al. 2019

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Premise of research. Interspecific hybridization was hypothesized to explain the remarkable floral phenotype variation found in overlapping areas of distribution for several Anacyclus species. We aimed to investigate genome size in natural populations of three diploid Anacyclus species with special emphasis in their contact areas to explore patterns of variation as additional evidence supporting current hybridization in these areas. Methodology. Flow cytometry was used to estimate the genome size of 564 individuals of the species complex of A. clavatus, A. homogamos, and A. valentinus from 30 sites. Additionally, genome size variation of 173 first-generation synthetic hybrids between these three species was also studied and compared with the estimates obtained in sympatric sites. Pivotal results. Differences in genome size between A. clavatus and A. valentinus were significant in nonoverlapping areas of species distribution, whereas in overlapping areas, the variation increased, preventing a clear differentiation between species. In sympatric sites of A. clavatus and A. valentinus, individuals with intermediate genome sizes between them were also observed and were significantly similar to those obtained from the first-generation experimental hybrids between these species. Genome sizes of A. clavatus and A. homogamos did not differ enough to allow discrimination between these species. Conclusions. The patterns of genome size variation observed in sympatric populations of A. clavatus and A. valentinus support the occurrence of current gene flow between these species and the existence of contact areas in overlapping distribution areas where phenotypic and genomic variation increases.

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“…Geographic areas inhabited by two or more conspecific cytotypes are of particular interest ( Mráz et al 2008 ; Kolář et al 2009 ; Duchoslav et al 2020 ; Melichárková et al 2021 ), providing the opportunity to study the evolutionary processes within polyploid complexes ( Petit et al , 1999 ; Kolář et al 2017 ) and dynamics of ploidy coexistence ( Čertner et al 2017 , 2022 ; Castro et al 2018 ). Our results indicate that diploids and hypotetraploids occur primarily in mosaic regional parapatry ( sensu Kolář et al 2017 ) with tetraploids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, ecological and geographic differences between diploids and tetraploids ofSymphytum officinale(Boraginaceae) justify both cytotypes as separate species

2022

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Polyploidization is generally considered to be an important evolutionary driver affecting the genetic diversity, that can alter the morphology, phenology, physiology or ecology of plants, which in turn may make the taxonomy of polyploids more difficult. One such example is the Symphytum officinale complex, a polyploid species group represented by three major cytotypes: tetraploids (2n = 48), less common, geographically restricted diploids (2n = 24) and hypotetraploids (2n = 40). In most European floras only one polymorphic species, S. officinale, is widely recognised, while the particular cytotypes are usually considered conspecific. Our study provided a thorough evaluation of the ploidy level diversity, morphological and ecological variation, with a special attempt to clarify the status of “white-flowered” diploids. Using flow cytometry, we identified three cytotypes: widespread tetraploids (76.1%); less frequent diploids (23.6%) with scattered distribution across the range of tetraploids and confined only to several areas of Europe; and extremely rare triploids (0.3%). Diploids and tetraploids showed diffuse parapatric pattern of distribution, with only four mixed-cytotype populations (2.7%) found, but almost entirely without triploids, suggesting reproductive isolation between di- and tetraploids. Niche of diploids falls nearly completely within the niche of tetraploids that showed niche expansion. Tetraploids also showed a shift in niche optimum toward a less continental and colder climate, coupled with expansion to more disturbance-prone sites with higher nutrient availability. Diploids were clearly distinguishable morphologically from tetraploids. The morphological differentiation of studied cytotypes appears to be taxonomically significant, especially in combination with ecological segregation and the apparent presence of hybridisation barriers. Both cytotypes should be treated as separate species (i.e. S. bohemicum F.W. Schmidt and S. officinale s. str.).

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Complex cytogeographical patterns reveal a dynamic tetraploid–octoploid contact zone

Cited by 20 publications

References 82 publications

Different Patterns of Ecological Divergence Between Two Tetraploids and Their Diploid Counterpart in a Parapatric Linear Coastal Distribution Polyploid Complex

Different Patterns of Ecological Divergence Between Two Tetraploids and Their Diploid Counterpart in a Parapatric Linear Coastal Distribution Polyploid Complex

Genome Size Variation in a Hybridizing Diploid Species Complex in Anacyclus (Asteraceae: Anthemideae)

Morphological, ecological and geographic differences between diploids and tetraploids ofSymphytum officinale(Boraginaceae) justify both cytotypes as separate species

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