Complex Diffractive Optical Elements Stored in Photopolymers

Fernández, Roberto Fernández; Gallego, Sergi; Neipp, Cristian; Calzado, Eva M.; Francés, Jorge; Morales-Vidal, Marta

doi:10.3390/polym11121920

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In general, one can fabricate diffractive optical elements on a fused silica substrate by using reactive ion etching, RIE [ 39 , 40 ], or wet etching based on HF/HNO 3 [ 41 , 42 ] or KOH solution [ 43 , 44 ], or a laser writing axicon written in the polymer [ 44 ], EBL [ 45 ]. These fused silica etchants present good results in terms of high optical quality and low roughness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel Spiral Axicon for High-Order Bessel–Gauss Beams Generation

et al. 2023

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This paper presents an efficient method to generate high-order Bessel–Gauss beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) by using a thin and compact optical element such as a multilevel spiral axicon. This approach represents an excellent alternative for diffraction-free OAM beam generation instead of complex methods based on a doublet formed by a physical spiral phase plate and zero-order axicon, phase holograms loaded on spatial light modulators (SLMs), or the interferometric method. Here, we present the fabrication process for axicons with 16 and 32 levels, characterized by high mode conversion efficiency and good transmission for visible light (λ = 633 nm wavelength). The Bessel vortex states generated with the proposed diffractive optical elements (DOEs) can be exploited as a very useful resource for optical and quantum communication in free-space channels or in optical fibers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel Spiral Axicon for High-Order Bessel–Gauss Beams Generation

et al. 2023

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“…In this sense, the photopolymers based on PVA/AA presented a large discussion to fit the monomer diffusion in this kind of materials [12]. Once the basic recording parameters that govern the DOE formation in the material are known a 3-Dimensial model can be proposed to store complex DOEs [13].…”

Section: -Dimensional Modelling Of the Does Formation In Pva/aa Photmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to simulate the recording of the lenses in the photopolymer, the values of the main parameters are obtained from interferometric and diffractive techniques [13][14]. In this work these parameters are: k R =0.007 cm 2 /(s•mW), α=0.02µm -1 , M 0 (volume fraction)= 0.22, I 0 = 0.5mW/cm 2 , γ (relationship between intensity and polymerization rate) = 0.93 and D 0 = 3* 10 -10 cm 2 /s..…”

Section: -Dimensional Modelling Of the Does Formation In Pva/aa Photmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-dimensional modelling of the DOEs formation in PVA/AA photopolymers

Fernández

Gallego

Márquez

et al. 2020

Photosensitive Materials and Their Applications

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Photosensitive materials and optical information processing technologies based on holographic and photonic techniques are suffering a huge improvement. Furthermore Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) based on LCoS microdisplays (PA-LCoS) open new possibilities to modulate the wavefront of a light beam. The improving of the models of the photopolymers as optical recording material together with the modelling of PA-LCoS, high resolution reflective devices, make possible the generation and recording of Diffractive Optical Elements (DOE) on the photosensitive materials. This DOEs have many important applications in photonics, communications of optical information processing. Working with a setup based on a LCoS display as a master, we can store complex DOEs. We used in this work PVA/AA based on acrylamide with coverplating and index matching system to avoid the influence of the thickness variation on the transmitted light in the material. With the 3-Dimensional diffusion model we can predict the DOE properties before recording and optimize the recording time and the exposure dose. Experimental data is compared with the simulation results to evaluate the accuracy of our model to reproduce the recording of any kind of complex DOE onto a photopolymer. This allows us to choose the appropriate characteristics for the material depending on the application and evaluate the influence of different parameters involved in the DOE generation. In this work we evaluate the simulation of the recording of optical vortexes, axicons, fork gratings and diffractive lenses comparing with the results using our experimental setup .

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“…The material response is studied to predict the behavior of the materials. Diffusion models are then used for this purpose [ 14 , 15 ]. This also includes studying the dynamics of noise gratings with the goal of developing material formulations and processing methods that result in high signal-to-noise ratios [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pre-Exposure on the Material Response of Epoxy-Based Volume Holographic Recording Material

Sabel‐Grau

2022

Polymers

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The formation of volume holograms in photosensitive polymers is a complex process under the influence of many interacting factors: material composition and processing, exposure conditions, and pre-exposure affect the development and final characteristics of holographic gratings. In order to better understand the interplay of these influencing factors, the detailed investigations of holographic recording in a new organic material are performed and the results are presented here. The material response and performance of an epoxy-based free surface material designed for volume holography are investigated. For this purpose, time-resolved investigation of volume holographic grating growth is performed on the one hand. Spatially resolved analysis of volume holographic phase gratings by point-by-point scanning of the local material response to the Gaussian intensity distribution of the recording beams is carried out on the other hand. Thus, the influence of pre-exposure on the temporal grating formation, as well as on the final obtained refractive index contrast, was determined. The various effects observed can be explained by the consumption of photosensitive compounds and prior crosslinking in the course of pre-exposure. Rather unexpected effects are that, on the one hand, pre-exposed gratings emerge with ever more complete null diffraction at the transition point and, on the other hand, a stabilizing effect of some degree of pre-exposure on regions exposed with low intensity was identified.

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Complex Diffractive Optical Elements Stored in Photopolymers

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Multilevel Spiral Axicon for High-Order Bessel–Gauss Beams Generation

Multilevel Spiral Axicon for High-Order Bessel–Gauss Beams Generation

3-dimensional modelling of the DOEs formation in PVA/AA photopolymers

Influence of Pre-Exposure on the Material Response of Epoxy-Based Volume Holographic Recording Material

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