Complex ecological relationships among an assemblage of indigenous hymenopteran parasitoids, the exotic European woodwasp (<i>Sirex noctilio</i>; Hymenoptera: Siricidae), and a native congener

Foelker, Christopher J.; Standley, Christopher R.; Parry, Dylan; Fierke, Melissa K.

doi:10.4039/tce.2016.6

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For example, rhyssine parasitism was positively correlated with S. noctilio density in individual logs, but I. l. ensiger parasitism was not. Previous studies in North America have consistently found parasitism by I. l. ensiger and rhyssines to be 15–25% (Eager et al ., ; Ryan et al ., ; Foelker et al ., ), but with considerable variability among individual trees and collectively less than parasitism in the Southern Hemisphere (35–40%) (Cameron, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is a pest of pine plantations in the Southern Hemisphere and a recent invader to eastern North America (Hoebeke et al ., ; Slippers et al ., ). Although populations have not reached outbreak levels, it has quickly become the most abundant woodwasp colonising pine in northeastern North America (Eager et al ., ; Standley et al ., ; Ryan et al ., ; Foelker et al ., ). Female woodwasps inoculate host trees with a phytotoxic mucus and mutualist fungus, Amylostereum areolatum (Fr.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Beneath the bark: associations among Sirex noctilio development, bluestain fungi, and pine host species in North America

Foelker

2016

Ecological Entomology

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1. Invasive species with global distributions encounter unique environmental and biotic variables that can greatly affect the magnitude of their impact. The European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, is a prime example that has invaded climatically and ecologically distinct ecosystems across the Southern Hemisphere and, more recently, North America. 2. Northeastern North America presents a unique set of conditions, including pine host species, native parasitoids, a diverse assemblage of native co‐colonising insects, and fungal associates of these co‐colonisers. In North America, S. noctilio attacks both a naturalised ancestral host (Pinus sylvestris L.) from Europe and a naïve native host (P. resinosa). A large assemblage of insects and their associated bluestaining ophiostomatoid fungi colonise these pines. Competition between S. noctilio and this group is a hypothesised mechanism of biotic resistance in the invaded region of North America, possibly via superior resource capture abilities or alteration of host tissue by bluestain fungi. 3. Investigating these ecological interactions is challenging because they manifest deep in the xylem tissue. To overcome this, 30 experimentally stressed trees were systematically dissected with an electric log splitter to investigate the effects of bluestain fungi and tree factors on S. noctilio development and parasitism by native hymenopterans. 4. Body size and colonisation density were affected by pine species, with S. noctilio being 25% larger and densities three‐fold greater in P. sylvestris than P. resinosa. Survivorship was slightly negatively correlated with the proportional volume of bluestain infection. Interestingly, rhyssine (Rhyssa and Megarhyssa spp.) parasitism responded positively to greater S. noctilio density, but there was no density relationship with Ibalia leucospoides ensiger parasitism. Pine host species appears to play a strong role in S. noctilio development, which is important considering uninvaded regions of North America have a diversity of pine species that likely vary in their susceptibility to this woodborer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Beneath the bark: associations among Sirex noctilio development, bluestain fungi, and pine host species in North America

Foelker

2016

Ecological Entomology

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“…In northeastern North America S. noctilio is now the most abundant woodwasp attacking pines (Long et al 2009;Ryan et al 2012a;Foelker et al 2016). Unfortunately, there are no records of the population densities or tree use by S. nigricornis before S. noctilio arrived but now, use of suppressed pines by S. nigricornis is much less than use of this resource by S. noctilio (e.g., Table 2).…”

Section: Comparing Abundance Of Sirex Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sirex nigricornis can co-occur in pines with S. noctilio (Ryan et al 2012a;Hajek et al 2013). Most adults of S. nigricornis emerge to mate and oviposit approximately 1-2 months after S. noctilio (Ryan et al 2012a;Foelker et al 2016;Suppl. material 1: B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing functional traits and abundance of invasive versus native woodwasps

Hajek¹,

Henry²,

Standley³

et al. 2017

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Functional traits are useful for comparing the resource use of invasive and native species, with goals of identifying resource overlap to predict competitive interactions. The invasion of northeastern North America by the woodwasp Sirex noctilio has resulted in competition with the native congeneric Sirex nigricornis for suppressed and weakened pines. We compared sizes of adults, venom glands, fecundity, tree species use, voltinism and abundance of the invasive woodwasp S. noctilio with the native S. nigricornis in northeastern North American pines. Rearing adults from attacked pines showed that these species used the same tree species but S. noctilio were far more abundant, especially with increasing time since establishment. Adults of the invasive S. noctilio were larger than S. nigricornis, female S. noctilio had larger glands carrying phytotoxic venom in relation to body size, average-sized S. noctilio females carried more eggs, and S. noctilio developed faster than S. nigricornis. Sirex noctilio was the dominant woodwasp infesting suppressed pines in our study areas. We hypothesize that the future abundance of S. nigricornis could depend in part on the availability of wood for oviposition by this native that is not available or acceptable to the earlier-emerging S. noctilio.

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“…banksiana , or P . strobus [6, 7, 34, 35], although none of those studies compared all four pine species at once. In a study where co-occurring P .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of eastern pines for oviposition and survival of Sirex noctilio F.

2017

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The European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F., is a pest of pines in many areas around the world. Since its introduction to North America, the distribution of S. noctilio overlaps with a known host (Pinus sylvestris) and hosts native to North America. Direct comparisons of suitability for oviposition and larval survival among these pines have not been made. We tested the relative suitability of four common pine species in northeastern North America (P. sylvestris, P. resinosa, P. banksiana, and P. strobus) as hosts for S. noctilio in a controlled, but in situ experiment. In a mixed pine forest in northern Ontario, we caged S. noctilio mating pairs on 10 freshly cut pine logs of each species, and estimated oviposition, counted adult S. noctilio (F1 generation) that emerged from logs, and calculated survivorship from egg to adult. Pinus sylvestris and P. resinosa were optimal hosts according to all three metrics of S. noctilio performance. Pinus strobus was a suitable larval host, but was not perceived as such by females, as evidenced by lower oviposition. Pinus banksiana was perceived as a suitable host by females, but was the least suitable larval host. Our results suggest that P. sylvestris and P. resinosa are more suitable hosts, at least in cut logs, than P. strobus and P. banksiana for S. noctilio in eastern North America.

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Complex ecological relationships among an assemblage of indigenous hymenopteran parasitoids, the exotic European woodwasp (Sirex noctilio; Hymenoptera: Siricidae), and a native congener

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Beneath the bark: associations among Sirex noctilio development, bluestain fungi, and pine host species in North America

Beneath the bark: associations among Sirex noctilio development, bluestain fungi, and pine host species in North America

Comparing functional traits and abundance of invasive versus native woodwasps

Suitability of eastern pines for oviposition and survival of Sirex noctilio F.

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