Complex Evaluation of Nanocomposite-Based Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

A magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite in chitosan matrix (MgHApC) sample was developed as a potential platform for numerous applications in the pharmaceutical, medical, and food industries. Magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite suspensions in the chitosan matrix were obtained by the coprecipitation technique. The surface shape and morphological features were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrodynamic diameter of the suspended particles was determined by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The stability of MgHApC suspensions was evaluated by ultrasonic measurements. The hydrodynamic diameter of the MgHApC particles in suspension was 29.5 nm. The diameter of MgHApC particles calculated from SEM was 12.5 ± 2 nm. Following the SEM observations, it was seen that the MgHApC particles have a spherical shape. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies conducted on MgHApC proved the presence of chitosan and hydroxyapatite in the studied specimens. In vitro antimicrobial assays were performed on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 microbial strains. The antimicrobial experiments showed that MgHApC exhibited very good antimicrobial properties against all the tested microorganisms. More than that, the results of the in vitro studies revealed that the antimicrobial properties of the samples depend on the incubation time. The evaluation of the sample’s cytotoxicity was performed using the human colon cancer (HCT-8) cell line. Our results suggested the great potential of MgHApC to be used in future applications in the field of biomedical applications (e.g., dentistry, orthopedics, etc.).

Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Activity of Samarium-Doped Hydroxyapatite—Biomimetic Nanoceramics for Bone Regeneration Applications

“…Thus, in Figure 2 , the presence of the vibrational bands that indicate the presence of HAp at 472, 566, 603, 632, 962, 1033, 1093, 1638, 3430, and 3568 cm −1 can be easily observed. All of these vibrational bands could be attributed to asymmetric and symmetric stretching, as well as to the bending vibrations of phosphate and hydroxyl groups from the HAp structure [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ]. The vibrational band observed at 472 cm −1 corresponds to the double degenerated bending mode of the O–P–O bond (ν 2 ), whereas the vibrational bands noticed between 1030 cm −1 and 1100 cm −1 are specific to the triply degenerate asymmetric stretching mode of the P–O bond [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ].…”

“…All of these vibrational bands could be attributed to asymmetric and symmetric stretching, as well as to the bending vibrations of phosphate and hydroxyl groups from the HAp structure [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ]. The vibrational band observed at 472 cm −1 corresponds to the double degenerated bending mode of the O–P–O bond (ν 2 ), whereas the vibrational bands noticed between 1030 cm −1 and 1100 cm −1 are specific to the triply degenerate asymmetric stretching mode of the P–O bond [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ]. Furthermore, in the FTIR spectra, one can notice two maxima that are centered at 566 cm −1 and 603 cm −1 that could be attributed to the ν 4 vibration of the phosphate group [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ].…”

“…The vibrational band observed at 472 cm −1 corresponds to the double degenerated bending mode of the O–P–O bond (ν 2 ), whereas the vibrational bands noticed between 1030 cm −1 and 1100 cm −1 are specific to the triply degenerate asymmetric stretching mode of the P–O bond [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ]. Furthermore, in the FTIR spectra, one can notice two maxima that are centered at 566 cm −1 and 603 cm −1 that could be attributed to the ν 4 vibration of the phosphate group [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ]. A vibration band at 632 cm −1 is also detected, which originates from the OH − librational mode [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ].…”

“…Furthermore, in the FTIR spectra, one can notice two maxima that are centered at 566 cm −1 and 603 cm −1 that could be attributed to the ν 4 vibration of the phosphate group [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ]. A vibration band at 632 cm −1 is also detected, which originates from the OH − librational mode [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ]. The vibration band centered at 962 cm −1 is characteristic of the ν 1 vibration of the phosphate group from the HAp structure [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ].…”

“…A vibration band at 632 cm −1 is also detected, which originates from the OH − librational mode [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ]. The vibration band centered at 962 cm −1 is characteristic of the ν 1 vibration of the phosphate group from the HAp structure [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ]. Also, the vibration bands that appear around 1638 cm −1 and between 3400 cm −1 and 3600 cm −1 indicate the presence of the adsorbed water and the hydroxyl group vibration in the analyzed sample [ 33 , 49 , 52 , 57 ].…”